BODY COMPOSITION IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
PHYSIOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
TEACHER:
Mgr. Milan Mojžíš
STUDENT:
Karol Zębik
464 676
Introduction
Care of body composition in modern football is very important, specially in elite
performances is crucial due to growing amounts of money, prestige and first of all increasing
competition between sportsmen and higher level of top performance. Nowadays details make
the biggest difference and –without any doubts- body composition are one of them. The
others we can count are like proper diet, appropriate resting time and many others. Therefore,
almost all sportsmen – not only footballers- but participant of all of disciplines care a lot
about correct preparing including composition and everything connect with that.
Body composition depends on many factors : individual genetics, nutritional
requirements, physical activity, ability to muscle recovery, age, somatotype and et cetera.
There is no chance to achieve top performance through ignoring even one dimension. At
present footballers are forced crossing almost their maximum of effort to gain their goals.
This work try to compare body composition of football players with normal population
because there are a lot of different between their organisms.
BODY COMPOSITION IN CASE OF COMPARE FOOTBALL
PLAYERS AND NORMAL/RECREATIONAL POPULATION
At first, take a look at differences between burning calories of footballers and normal
population with moderate physical activity which influence on proper diet before and just
after strain. For footballers average total from one match (90 min) approximately 1110 kcal –
in general they burn above 3500 kcal per match day, for normal population should be about
2000-2500. There is not so big difference like for example between swimmers (Michael
Phelps admitted he have eaten even 12 000 calories per day before Olympic Games 2012 in
London) or marathoners (these runners burn approx 4000 kcal for whole marathon) but
anyway add daily training, footballers increase their energy requirements and cross their
maximum efforts –all the more when we put emphasis on winger players or full back where
they make bigger effort than strikers, central defenders or goalkeepers. However, leading to
main topic of this assignment, we can focus on differences between football players and
average population concerning to few measures. Adult male football players have less rate of
of body fat than above mentioned (8% - 16,7%), concerning female (21.8% - 24.3%). Other
worth to mention results concerning skinfold where differences are visible.
I would like to also mention about somatotype of footballers with dividing for
positions. According to below table we can reach out few conclusions for example midfielder
are shorter than other players and the reason is that physical traits observed in midfielders
enable them to move more efficiently and so on.
SL – Turkish Super League
FL – Turkish First League
About depict datas where we measure
footballers from Turkish League we can confirm their somatotype is the most closest to
mesomorph so they are mostly muscular.
Dividing measures of skinfold because of different part of body in anthropometric measures
were taken altogether that defined longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of the skeleton,
the body mass and the body volume, as well as the subcutaneous adipose tissue: body height
(BODHEI), body mass (BODMAS), elbow diameter (ELBDIA), wrist diameter (WRIDIA),
knee diameter (KNEDIA), ankle diameter (ANKDIA), minimum upper arm diameter
(MINUAD), maximum upper arm diameter (MAXUAD), minimum forearm diameter
(MINFAD), maximum forearm diameter (MAXFAD), minimum thigh diameter (MINTHD),
maximum thigh diameter (MAXTHD), minimum calf diameter (MINCAD), maximum calf
diameter (MAXCAD), triceps skinfold thickness (TRSKTH), forearm skinfold thickness
(FASKTH), thigh skinfold thickness (THSKTH), calf skinfold thickness (CASKTH), chest
skinfold thickness (CHSKTH) and abdominal skinfold thickness (ABSKTH). Anthropometric
research was conducted according to the IBP standards respecting the basic rules and
principles related to the parameter choice, standard conditions and measurement techniques,
as well as the standard measuring instruments adjusted before measurement was carried out.
Table concerning skinfold of particular part
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