Sport „nutritional“ supplements

                                          Are they save ?

                                           Do they work ?

                                           Ergogenic aids

n     Any substances/method (legal or illegal) designed to enhance exercise performance



n     Six general categories:

        n   Mechanical

        n   Psychological

        n   Pharmacological

        n   Hormonal

        n   Physiological

        n   Nutritional

                                             Definition

n      Dietary supplement  (DSHEA, 1994)



      n    product taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient intended to supplement diet

      

      n    Dietary  ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids,
      substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandular substances, metabolites

      

      n    Tablets, powders, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, liquids, bars, juices

      

      n    The most popular - protein powder, amino acids, (multi)vitamins, (multi)minerals,
      creatine, L-Carnitine, HMB, DHEA, inosine, ………

      

n       Definitions differ between countries

                                Control, registration and regulation

n     Situation in the Czech Republic

  n    Ministry of health – doses and restriction (children and pregnant)

      n    No control – contents  and label  !!!!

    n   National institute of public health

        n    Reference about health safety

    n   Laboratory with accreditation

        n    Laboratory examination

n     USA – DSHEA - label, CFSAN

n     Australia – FSANZ, TGA



      n  Supplements are not drug !!!

Potencial benefits

n     Sport nutritional supplements



  n    Prolong endurance

  n    Reduce body fat

  n    Increase body mass

  n    Enhance recovery

  n    Minimize the risk of illness

  n    Enhance physical and mental ability

  

  

                                       Who take supplements?

n      Athletes  50 %

n      Elite athletes  60 %

n      General population  35 – 40 %



n      Research at our faculty

      n    100 students - 36 elite athletes, 64 recreational athletes

      n    75 % of elite athletes

      n    23 % of recreational athletes

      

n      Prevalence and  used types of supplements vary with:

  n     The nature of sport

  n     The sex of the athletes

  n     The level of competition



                                  Is it worth taking supplements?

n     What is the physiological basis or theory for product´s action?               EFFECT



n     Are there any scientific  studies that support or refute the claims that the product makes?



n     Are there any side effects, any potentially serious adverse effects?       SAFETY



n     Is the product legal?             

                                               Safety

n      Comprehensive evaluation – only a few supplements

n      Limited research – the most supplements

n      Contents of toxic or prohibited ingredients (anabolic steroids, strychnine, ephedrine)

        n    Poor manufacturing practice

        n    Deliberate adulteration

        



n      Absence of effective ingredients

n      Mega doses of supplement – „if a little is good, a lot must be better“

      n    Vitamin A – liver and bone damage, teratogenicity in pregnancy

      n    Vitamin B6 – neurological symptoms

      n    Folic acid – mask a deficiency of B12

      n    BCAA –problems similar to excessive protein intake

n      Prolonged period of supplementation

      n    Creatine, glutamine

                                               Effect

n     The most supplements that offer a direct performance  enhancing efect – against the rule of
sport – drugs, hormones

n     The most legal substances – not effective – vitamin and mineral supplements

n     Certificate of health safety ≠  certificate of effect

n     Bioavailability

n     Placebo effect

                        Classification system of supplement according to AIS

                                          Athlete pyramid

                                         Help for athletes

n      Education: coaches, athletes, trainers and ther sport/science staff



n      Develop program for athletes to distinguis the level of risk



n      Produce of high-quality well label sport supplements



n      Stop to excuse athletes who claim that their positive tests are the result of supplement use