Giving Instructions

   

   Textové pole: Instructions can be given in many ways. A list with the imperative form of the
   verb and words such as "first, "then, "next" is one common way. Continuous text using the
   present tense form of the verb with you and should is another common way. Make sure you
   distinguish between giving instructions - that is, telling someone how to do something - and
   describing a process - that is describing how something happens.

   

   

   Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration

   In certain accidents, if the patient's breathing stops, you can save life by using artificial
   respiration. This means that someone else causes air to enter and leave a person's lungs.
   First, place the victim face up. Tilt the victim's head back so that the chin is pointing
   upward. Next, if there is any foreign matter in the victim's mouth, wipe it out quickly with
   your fingers. Then, with your right-hand thumb, pull the jaw down to clear the tongue from the
   air passage in the back of the victim's mouth. With your left hand, pinch the nostrils to
   prevent the air you blow into the victim's mouth from escaping through the nose. Now, place
   your mouth tightly over the victim's and blow into his or her mouth until you see the chest
   rise. At this point, remove your mouth and listen to the breath of air that indicates air
   exchange. Repeat blowing. For an adult, blow vigorously at a rate of about twelve breaths a
   minute. For a young child, take relatively shallow breaths, at a rate of about twenty a
   minute.

   

   TASK

   1. Highlight all the sequencing expressions in the text.

   2. Decide which are the most useful VERBS in the text talking about first aid.

   3. Without looking at the complete text, give instructions on how to do artificial
   respiration.

   

   

   

   

   

   LANGUAGE

   Asking for Instructions

   How do you (do this)?

   How do I . . . ?

   What is the best way to . . . ?

   How do you suggest I proceed?

   What is the first step?

   

   Giving Instructions

   Sequencing

   First, (you) . . .

   Then, (you) . . .

   Next, (you) . . .

   Lastly, (you) . . .

   Starting out

   Before you begin, (you should . . .)

   The first thing you do is . . . .

   I would start by . . .

   The best place to begin is . . .

   To begin with,

   Continuing

   After that,

   The next step is to . . .

   The next thing you do is . . .

   Once you've done that, then . . .

   When you finish that, then . . .

   Finishing

   The last step is . . .

   The last thing you do is . . .

   In the end,

   When you've finished,

   When you've completed all the steps,

   

   (adapted from: http://www.uefap.com/speaking/function/instruct.htm)