Biomechanical Analysis of Punching Different Targets in Chinese Martial Arts
1
Long-Ren Chuang, 2
Wei-Hua Ho, 1
Yu Liu, 2
Tyzz-Yuang Shiang
1
Department of Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, e-mail: allen@faculty.pccu.edu.tw
2
Institute of Sports Equipment Technology, Taipei Physical Education College
INTRODUCTION
The research of punching motion in martial arts was
focus on different gloves type, skill levels and styles of
punching (Smith, 1986, Powell, 1989, Whiting, 1988). Only
Yoshihuku [1] has compared the punching motion with target
and none. So far, no one has done a thorough study to
determine the difference among punching different targets.
Our hypothesis was the martial arts athletes' punching
motion would be affected by different material and mass of
targets. The difference will show on kinematics of the upper
extremity and muscle moment calculated by inverse
dynamics. The results will help us to understand the
coordination of upper extremity when punch different targets.
METHODS
Nine healthy Chinese martial arts athletes of Chinese
Culture University aged 18-24 years, weight 70.1 14.2 kg
and height 168 4.9 cm volunteered to participate in the
experiment. They have to punch three different targets that
include cardboard (0.2kg), small punching bag (9.2kg) and
big punching bag (29.2kg). We used a Sony PD150 digital
camera and Peak Motus 6.0 motion analysis system (60Hz) to
catch the kinematics data of upper extremity. Then we
applied the intersegmental dynamics formula that developed
by Zernicke & Smith [2] to calculate the joint moment,
muscle moment and interaction between the segments. Oneway
repeated-measures ANOVA were carried out for each of
the dependent variables in the study. The probability level
was set at P <.05.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The fist peak velocity was significantly different when
punching three different targets (P<.05). The fastest velocity
of fist was punching the cardboard target (6.98 0.72 m/s),
then was punching the small bag (6.06 0.68 m/s), and the
lowest velocity was punching the big bag (5.43 0.82 m/s) .
The contact time was significantly different when punching
different targets, too. The shortest contact time was found in
punching the cardboard (0.03 0.00 sec), then the small bag
(0.10 0.01 sec), and the longest contact time was found in
punching the big bag (0.14 0.05 sec). The kinematics results
are similar to Yoshihuku's [1] study.
Figure 1 shows similar trend of elbow and shoulder
moment curve when subjects punched three different targets.
The results of elbow and shoulder moment were similar with
penetrating strike in previous study [3]. In all moments, only
the maximum shoulder flexion moment in the cardboard
(156.51 142.22Nm ), small bag (90.29 64.09Nm ) and big
bag (61.16 40.58Nm ) were significantly different (P<.05).
The shoulder muscle flexion moment was larger when
subjects punch the cardboard target than small and big targets
0 5 10 15 20 25
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
Contact target
Figure 1. The subject 7 punched the different targets.The curve
displayed the muscle moment of elbow and shoulder before contact
Elbow moment in big bag
Eblow moment in small bag
Elbow moment in cardboard
Shoulder moment in big bag
Shoulder moment in small bag
Shoulder moment in cardboard
Flexion
Extension
Moment(Nm)
Frames(1/60sec)
which indicated shoulder joint can fully flexion that make the
fist velocity faster. On the contrary, the subjects wanted to
recruit more muscle fibers and to raise the effective mass to
participate when punching the heavy target. This phenomenon
causes the shoulder muscle flexion moment and fist velocity
decrease when punching the heavy target. The results agree
with the principle of muscle loading and contraction velocity.
CONCLUSIONS
Different target mass will affect punching motion of
subject's upper extremity. These results showed differences in
the fist peak velocity, contact time and the maximum flexion
shoulder muscle moment which could provide useful
information for the athletes and coaches.
REFERENCES
1.Yasuo Yoshihuku & Yasuo Ikegami (1988), Biomechanical
analysis of Tsuki motion. Japan Journal Sports Science.
7(12), 818-824.
2.Zernicke, R.F., Smith, J. (1996), Biomechanical insights
into neural control of movement. In L. B. Rowell & J. T.
Shepherd (eds.). Handbook of Physiology Sec. 12: Exercise:
Regulation and Intergration of Multiple System 293-
330.Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
3.Chuang, L.R., Liu Yu, & Yang Norman (1998),
Intersegmental Dynamics Analysis of the Penetrating Strike
and Surface Strike in the Chinese Martial Arts. Abstracts of
1998 XVI International Society of Biomechanics in Sports,
20.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was supported by a grant from National
Science Council, Taiwan (NSC91-2413-H-034-001).
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