Theory of Sport Training
Basic Principles
Lesson 9
Planning, Periodization

Planning of ST
* History – Ancient
* New Age
*
* Scientific approach

Long-term concept of ST
* Calendar, biological, sport age
*
* Early specialization
* Training corresponding the age
*
* Stages of sport training

Stage of training
* Stage of Sport Pre-Training
*
* Stage of Basic Training
*
* Stage of Specific Training
*
* Stage of Top Training

Stage of Sport Pre-Training
* Main aim: to gain the children for sport, to contribute to their health, physical and psychical
development.
* This stage lasts usually 1 – 3 years.
* Tasks – skills, coordination development,

Stage of Basic Training
* The main aim: to sustain or to improve good attitude of children to sport and to take sport as a
part of life style.
* This stage usually lasts for 2 – 4 years
* Tasks – technique, coordination development?
* Rate of training means

Stage of Specific training
* This stage is the transition to the specific training. The high performance is still perspective
aim.
* Stage lasts for 2 – 4 years
* Tasks – development of motor abilities, fitness, technique under race conditions
•

Stage of Top Training
* The main aim is to achieve the maximal performance and keep it for long time.
* Rate of training means, special : general 80:20
* The training load is increasing

Periodization
* The Base of Periodization is the Planning in the Cycles.
* The most important objective of contemporary periodization is the systematically converge of the
cumulative or interactive effects of various means, methods and frequency of stimulus. The same
value as a stimulus has the time of regeneration. This time is important part of adaptations
processes and the time for recovery after training units of various tasks must be respected. This
time is different for development of strength, endurance or velocity

Periodization of shorter training periods
* Structure of cycles
* YTC – years training cycle
* Preparatory period, Pre-competition period, Competition period, Rest (transition) period
* Macrocycle
* Mezocycle
* Microcycle
* Training unit

Training Task of Periods
Period
Main task of period
Preparatory
The development of fitness
Pre-competition
Tapering of performance
Competition
Maintaining high level of performance
Transition
Regeneration physical and psychical

Cycles - Microcycle
* Important and functional tool in the planning
* group of several training units
* Length?
* structure and content of the microcycle is determined of the main training task, period of ATC,
type of MiC, quantity, quality and nature of the training stimulus
* Opening, Developing, Stabilization, Control, Tapering, Racing, Regenerative

Mezocycle
* Training block or phase from 2 to 6 weeks
* Main aim and task – depend on the period
* PP - Develop or improve a specific aspect of fitness
* Opening type is used at the beginning of annual training cycle.
* Basic is the main type for preparatory period.
* Pre – competition type covers the whole time interval of pre-competition period.
* Racing type is basic kind for competition period.
* Regenerative type content more number of recovery MiC.
*

Macrocycle
* Years Training Plan
* Consist of two, three or more mesocycles, period
*