Articles: A: We speak about sth for the first time Once a week, 3 times a day, 1.20 USD a kilo THE: particular thing – I cleaned the car = my car It is clear which thing or person we mean – in a room: the light, the floor, the ceiling, the door, the carpet Go to the bank, to the post office /certain in the town/, the doctor, to the dentist, to the cinema, to the theatre The city centre, the army When there is only one of something: the longest river in the world, the end of this month, the sun, the moon The sky, the sea, the ground, the country, the environment, the space /!space without article =universe/ The same The radio - ! television /no article/ The school, the prison, the hospital, the university, the church = particular school…. /her mother has gone to the school where her daughter is/ A type of things: the giraffe is the tallest animal. The bicycle is a very good means of transport. The dollar is the currency of the USA Musical instruments: the guitar, the piano… The + adjective = group of people /sg/: the young the old the sick The rich the poor the dead the disabled the unemployed the injured the homeless The + nationality: the French, the English, the Chinese, the Sudanese /pl/ NAMES: containing a general word: republic, kingdom, state: The Dominican Republic, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom Oceans, seas, rivers, canals: the Atlantic Ocean, the Amazon, the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal In plural: people: the Taylors Countries: The Netherlands Groups of islands: the Bahamas Mountain ranges /horská pásma/: the Alps, the Rocky Mountains The north, the south-east of /France/, the Middle East, the Far East Hotels, restaurants, theatres, cinemas, museums, galleries, newspapers, organisations: the Bombay restaurant, The British Museum, The Washington Post, the BBC Names with of: the Bank of England NO ARTICLE: Meals – breakfast, lunch dinner Television Platform 5, size 43, room 126, page 30, section A… School, prison, hospital, university, church - / =general idea/ go to school, be at school, school begins at… Bed, work, home Sea /in the meaning of voyage/ ! I´d like to live near the sea People, things in general: dogs, teachers, music, Chinese food, Names of sports: football, skiing, athletics… With most: most people, most books… NAMES: people: Ann, John Brown Places: continents: Africa Countries: France, Japan States, regions: Texas, Tuscany, Central Europe Islands: Corsica, Sicily Cities, towns: Cairo, New York, Madrid Mountains: Everest, Etna Mount+lake: Mount Everest, Lake Ontario Nothern France, south-eastern Spain Streets, roads, squares, parks: Union Street, Fifth Avenue, Times Square, Hyde Park Institutions named after certain people: McDonalds, Harrods… Mr/Mrs/Captain/Doctor: Mr Johnson, Captain Cook, President Bush, Uncle, aunt, saint, Princess: Princess Diana, uncle Sam… COUNTABLE, UNCOUNT. NOUNS/ ARTICLES/ SOME, ANY etc. I. Countable and uncountable nouns (Murphy, R. English Grammar in Use, intermediate, Unit 68, ex. 1) Some of the sentences need a/an. Correct the sentences which are wrong. 1. We went to very nice restaurant last weekend. 2. I clean my teeth with toothpaste. 3. My brother works for insurance company in London. 4. I don´t like violence. 5. John has got interview for job tomorrow. 6. I think volleyball is very good game. 7. Can you smell paint? 8. Did you enjoy your holiday? Yes, we had wonderful time. II. Definite and indefinite article (Murphy Unit 71, ex. 3) Put in a/an or the 1. How often do you go to dentist? 2. Could you close door, please? 3. Excuse me, where is bus station, please? 4. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on floor. 5. Have you finished with book I lent you? 6. There´s small supermarket at end of street I live in. 7. I saw accident this morning. Car crashed into tree. Driver of car wasn´t hurt but car was badly damaged. 8. My friends live in old house in small village. There is beautiful garden behind house. I would like to have garden like that. III. Names with and without the (Murphy 76.2) Some of the sentences need the. Correct them. 1. Africa is much larger than Europe. 2. Last year I visited Mexico and United States. 3. South of England is warmer than north. 4. Seychelles are a group of islands in Indian Ocean. 5. Next year we are going skiing in Swiss Alps. 6. River Volga flows into Caspian Sea. IV. Some and any (Murphy 84.1) 1. We didn´t buy…..flowers. 2. This evening I´m going out with…. friends of mine. 3. Have you seen….good films recently? 4. Can I have….. milk in my coffee, please? 5. I was too tired to do…..work. 6. With the special tourist ticket, you can travel on….train you like. V. Much, many, few, little (Murphy 86.3) 1. Ann is very busy these days. She has…….free time. 2. He isn´t very popular. He´s got…..friends. 3. Did you take….. photographs when you were on holiday? 4. The museum was very crowded. There were too…..people. 5. Most of the town is modern. There are ……old buildings. 6. The weather has been dry recently. We have had …..rain.