Cardiovascular rehabilitation TASK 1 Reading Pre reading: Here is a list of words/expressions, and their definitions. Read the definitions carefully and fill each gap in the text with a suitable word/groups of words based on the context. You may have to change some word forms: supervision monitoring extent range, size take into account pay attention to, notice, think about stick to keep to, adhere assess measure, evaluate angina medical condition in which not enough blood gets to your heart, so that you get pains in the chest treadmill an exercise device consisting of an endless belt on which a person can walk or jog without changing place extensive large conduct lead anxiety a nervous, worried feeling prescribe to instruct , to order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient Cardiac Rehabilitation "Cardiac rehabilitation" is a structured programme which helps you develop a heart-friendly lifestyle. Ideally, it will consist of three components: exercise, risk factor modification, and dealing with stress and depression. Exercise Rehabilitation Exercise may be the most important component of a cardiac rehabilitation programme, because regular exercise not only directly improves your cardiovascular system, but it also helps you with weight control, improves your response to stress, and helps you _____________________ your heart-healthy diet. It is necessary to find out which exercises are safe for you. Developing a safe exercise programme requires ___________ several factors ________________ - including your general physical condition, the ______________ of the heart attack you've had, whether you are still having ________________, your weight, and the condition of your limbs and joints. You perform a stress test, usually on a ______________________, helps the exercise rehabilitation clinician ____________________ all of these factors. After all necessary tests your rehab clinician will work with you (and your doctor) to ______________ a safe exercise program. This prescription will include the appropriate type (walking, jogging, swimming, etc.), duration, frequency and intensity of exercise that will safely improve your heart health. Most often after a heart attack, the first several exercise sessions will be _______________ under medical _________________, possibly with cardiac monitoring. But after a few weeks, as your heart heals you will begin following a home-based exercise program. Lifestyle "Rehabilitation" Most cardiac rehabilitation programmes today include ________________ educational sessions on modifying your cardiac risk factors, such as weight control, smoking, and diet (cholesterol). Psychosocial "Rehabilitation" It is quite common to go through a period of depression or _______________ after an MI (myocardial infarction). Unfortunately, these problems can directly worsen your cardiac health. Many cardiac rehabilitation programmes employ individuals who are trained to recognize and help you work through the psychosocial issues that may inhibit your recovery. TASK 2 Summary Choose the summary that best expresses the meaning of the article: A/ For patients with heart disease, cardiac rehabilitation programme often represents an opportunity to eat right, exercise more, and carefully monitor risk factors that could lead to a new cardiac event. B/ The most important part of a cardiac rehabilitation is represented by exercises. To exercise in the right way patients need a prescription from their physician of physiotherapist. C/ Cardiac rehabilitation is a complete programme that reduces the risk of a new myocardial infarction as well as other heart diseases. APPENDIX Cardiac rehab is not only for patients who suffered a heart attack. Cardiac rehab can be beneficial for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasty, pacemaker insertion, aortic aneurysm repair or replacement, or heart valve repair or replacement. It is also beneficial to people with some forms of congestive heart failure, angina pectoris (chest pain due to narrowed arteries) or congenital heart disease. TASK 3: Speaking Prepare a short talk about the above given heart surgeries and heart problems/defects. TASK 4: Listening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwWDOZ9oTP8 Listen to a short presentation about angioplasty and answer the questions: 1. What are other expressions for angioplasty? : 2. What arteries is angioplasty performed on? : 3. Describe the procedure of angioplasty in your own words. TASK 5: Explaining diagnosis and management Exercise 1: The final part of a consultation is the explanation which should cover: 1. The _____________ - identification of a disease from its signs and symptoms You´re suffering from… You´ve developed… You have… This is (mainly) because… 2. The_______________ plan, including investigations and treatment I will make you an appointment… I´m going to have you admitted to… I´ll arrange for you to… You´ll be given… 3. General advice about ___________ in lifestyle that may be needed You should try to give up… The nurse will give you advice on… It´s important that you… 4. The _______________ - what is likely to happen because of a disease, stressing that nothing is certain. I expect the treatment will… Hopefully we can… 5. _______________time – the patient can ask questions about his/her illness. Is there anything you would like to ask? Note: Explanation should be given in words the patient will understand (lay terms), avoiding medical jargon. Exercise 2: How would you explain the following terms to a patient in lay terms? Acute cerebrovascular event Arrhythmia Insomnia Intermitten claudication Myocardial infarction Nocturia Analgesics Anti-depressants Anti-inflammatories Diuretics Hypertension medication Hypnotics Oral contraceptives Exercise 3: Complete the gaps with suitable modal verbs (can, may, must, have to, should, be able to…) An explanation of angina Having examined you, I´m confident that you´re suffering from angina. The heart is a pump. The more you do physically, the harder it ____________ work. But as we get older, the blood vessels which supply oxygen to the heart begin to harden and get furred up, so they become narrower. They ________ supply all the oxygen the heart needs. The result is the pain you feel as angina. Because you are experiencing pain at rest as well as on exertion, I´m going to have you admitted to the coronary care unit right away so that your treatment ___________ start at once. You´ll be given drugs to ease the pain and I expect you´ll have an angiogram. They ___________ advise surgery or angioplasty – that´s a way of opening up the blood vessels to the heart so they __________ provide more oxygen. You _________ try to give up smoking. You ___________ smoke at all in hospital so it´s a good time to stop. I expect the treatment will improve your pain at least and ____________ get rid of it completely. We __________ never be absolutely certain about the future but you __________ remain optimistic. Do you have any questions? (Adapted from Glendinning, Howard – Professional English in Use – Medicine, Cambridge University Press, 2007).