29%
ofservices
exports
Tourism, key to development, prosperity and well-being
• An ever increasing number of destinations worldwide have opened
up to, and invested in tourism, turning tourism into a key driver of
socio-economic progress through export revenues, the creation of jobs
and enterprises, and infrastructure development.
• Over the past six decades, tourism has experienced continued
expansion and diversification, becoming one of the largest and
fastest-growing economic sectors in the world. Many new destinations
have emerged in addition to the traditional favourites of Europe and
North America.
• Despite occasional shocks, international tourist arrivals have shown
virtually uninterrupted growth – from 25 million in 1950 to 278 million
in 1980, 528 million in 1995, and 1087 million in 2013.
Long-term outlook
• International tourist arrivals worldwide are expected to increase by
3.3% a year from 2010 to 2030 to reach 1.8 billion by 2030, according
to UNWTO’s long term forecast Tourism Towards 2030.
• Between 2010 and 2030, arrivals in emerging destinations (+4.4% a
year) are expected to increase at twice the rate of those in advanced
economies (+2.2% a year).
• The market share of emerging economies increased from 30% in 1980
to 47% in 2013, and is expected to reach 57% by 2030, equivalent to
over 1 billion international tourist arrivals.
Tourism in the
world:
key Þgures
2
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
ita:168million (15%)
iTr:229US$ bn (20%)
ita:563million (52%)
iTr:489 US$ bn (42%)
ita:56million (5%)
iTr:34US$ bn (3%)
ita:248million (23%)
itr:359US$ bn (31%)
ita:52million (5%)
iTr:47US$ bn (4%)
africa
EUROPE
asiapacific
middleeast
International tourism receipts (ITR): US$ 1159 billion
International tourist arrivals (ITA): 1087 million
internationaltourism2013
International tourism in 2013 - key trends and outlook
• International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) grew by 5% worldwide
in 2013, reaching a record 1087 million arrivals, after topping the
1 billion mark in 2012.
• Asia and the Pacific recorded the strongest growth with a 6% increase
in arrivals, followed by Europe and Africa (both +5%).
• In the Americas, international arrivals grew by 3%, while in the Middle
East they were flat.
• International tourism receipts reached US$ 1159 billion worldwide in
2013, up from US$ 1078 billion in 2012.
• With a 5% increase in real terms, the growth in international tourism
receipts equalled the growth in arrivals.
• China has consolidated its position as the number one tourism source
market in the world, spending US$ 129 billion on international tourism.
• Forecasts prepared by UNWTO in January 2014 point to growth of 4%
to 4.5% in international tourist arrivals in 2014 – above The Tourism
Towards 2030 long-term forecast of 3.3% a year.
• By UNWTO region, prospects for 2014 are strongest for Asia and the
Pacific (5% to 6%), followed by Africa (4% to 6%).
Contents
International tourist arrivals 4
International tourism receipts 5
World’s top tourism destinations 6
Regional results 7
Europe 8
Asia and the Pacific 9
Americas 10
Africa 11
Middle East 12
Outbound tourism 12
Top outbound markets 13
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030 14
About UNWTO
The World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO) is the United Nations’
agency responsible for the
promotion of responsible,
sustainable and universally
accessible tourism. It serves as a
global forum for tourism policy and
a source of tourism know-how.
Know more about us: unwto.org
3
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
4
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
International Tourist Arrivals
Demand exceeded expectations
in 2013
International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) grew by 5% in 2013,
reaching a record 1087 million arrivals worldwide, up from 1035
million in 2012, when the 1 billion mark was exceeded for the first
time ever. Despite a global economy in ‘low gear’, demand for
international tourism exceeded expectations, with an additional
52 million international tourists travelling internationally in 2013.
Europe led the growth in absolute terms, welcoming 29 million
more international tourists in 2013, and raising the total to
563 million. Growth (+5%) was double the region’s average for
the period 2005-2012 (+2.5% a year).
Asia and the Pacific recorded the fastest relative growth across
all UNWTO regions, with a 6% increase in international arrivals,
or 14 million more than in 2012. Africa saw an increase of 5%,
equivalent to 3 million more tourists, reaching 56 million.
In the Americas, international arrivals grew by 3% to 168 million,
or an increase of five million. The Middle East (0%) has not yet
succeeded in returning to growth, even though some destinations
performed rather well and others saw a moderate recovery.
Growth is expected to continue in 2014 at a sustained rate of
4.0% to 4.5% worldwide. By UNWTO region, prospects for 2014
are strongest for Asia and the Pacific (+5% to +6%) and Africa
(+4% to +6%), followed by Europe and the Americas (both +3%
to +4%). In the Middle East (0% to +5%) prospects are positive
yet volatile.
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ Classication based on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), see the Statistical Annex of the IMF World Economic Outlook of April 2012, page 177, at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01.
Most travel by air and for leisure
purposes
Slightly over half of all travellers arrived at their destination by air
(53%) in 2013, while the remainder travelled by surface transport
(47%) – whether by road (40%), rail (2%) or over water (5%).
Over time, the trend has been for air transport to grow at a
somewhat faster pace than surface transport, so the share of air
transport is gradually increasing.
Inbound tourism by mode of transport, 2013* (share)
Air
53%
Road
40%
Rail 2%
Water 5%
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) ©
International Tourist Arrivals Market Change Average annual
(million) share (%) (%) growth (%)
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013* 2013* 12/11 13*/12 '05-'13*
World 434 528 677 807 948 1,035 1,087 100 4.1 5.0 3.8
Advanced economies¹ 296 334 421 459 506 551 581 53.4 3.8 5.4 3.0
Emerging economies¹ 139 193 256 348 442 484 506 46.6 4.4 4.5 4.8
By UNWTO regions:
Europe 261.1 304.0 388.2 448.9 484.8 534.4 563.4 51.8 3.6 5.4 2.9
Northern Europe 28.2 35.8 46.6 60.4 62.7 65.1 68.9 6.3 0.9 5.8 1.6
Western Europe 108.6 112.2 139.7 141.7 154.4 167.2 174.3 16.0 3.5 4.2 2.6
Central/Eastern Europe 33.9 58.1 69.3 90.4 94.5 111.7 118.9 10.9 8.3 6.5 3.5
Southern/Mediter. Eu. 90.3 98.0 132.6 156.4 173.3 190.4 201.4 18.5 1.9 5.7 3.2
- of which EU-28 229.7 267.3 332.3 363.8 380.0 412.2 432.7 39.8 2.7 5.0 2.2
Asia and the Pacific 55.8 82.0 110.1 153.5 204.9 233.5 248.1 22.8 6.9 6.2 6.2
North-East Asia 26.4 41.3 58.3 85.9 111.5 122.8 127.0 11.7 6.0 3.5 5.0
South-East Asia 21.2 28.4 36.1 48.5 70.0 84.2 93.1 8.6 8.7 10.5 8.5
Oceania 5.2 8.1 9.6 10.9 11.4 11.9 12.5 1.1 4.0 4.7 1.7
South Asia 3.1 4.2 6.1 8.1 12.0 14.6 15.5 1.4 6.2 6.1 8.4
Americas 92.8 109.1 128.2 133.3 150.6 162.7 167.9 15.5 4.3 3.2 2.9
North America 71.8 80.7 91.5 89.9 99.5 106.4 110.1 10.1 4.2 3.5 2.6
Caribbean 11.4 14.0 17.1 18.8 19.5 20.7 21.2 2.0 3.0 2.4 1.5
Central America 1.9 2.6 4.3 6.3 7.9 8.9 9.2 0.8 7.3 3.7 4.9
South America 7.7 11.7 15.3 18.3 23.6 26.7 27.4 2.5 5.0 2.6 5.2
Africa 14.7 18.7 26.2 34.8 49.9 52.9 55.8 5.1 6.6 5.4 6.1
North Africa 8.4 7.3 10.2 13.9 18.8 18.5 19.6 1.8 8.2 6.1 4.4
Subsaharan Africa 6.3 11.5 16.0 20.9 31.2 34.5 36.2 3.3 5.8 5.0 7.1
Middle East 9.6 13.7 24.1 36.3 58.2 51.7 51.6 4.7 -5.4 -0.2 4.5
5
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
In 2013, travel for holidays, recreation and other forms of leisure
accounted for just over half of all international tourist arrivals
(52% or 568 million). Some 14% of international tourists reported
travelling for business and professional purposes and another
27% travelled for other reasons, such as visiting friends and
relatives (VFR), religious reasons and pilgrimages, health
treatment, etc. The purpose of visit for the remaining 7% of
arrivals was not specified.
Inbound tourism by purpose of visit, 2013* (share)
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) ©
Leisure, recreation
and holidays
52%
VFR, health,
religion, other
27%
Business and
professional
14%
Not specified 7%
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ Classication based on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), see the Statistical Annex of the IMF World Economic Outlook of April 2012, page 177, at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01.
International Tourism Receipts Market Receipts (US$) Receipts (euro)
Local currencies, constant prices (% change) share (%) (billion) per arrival (billion) per arrival
10/09 11/10 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2012 2013* 2013* 2012 2013* 2013*
World 5.2 4.5 4.2 5.3 100 1,078 1,159 1,070 839 873 800
Advanced economies¹ 5.8 5.9 4.0 6.0 64.3 688 745 1,280 536 561 970
Emerging economies¹ 4.0 2.1 4.5 4.0 35.7 390 413 820 303 311 610
By UNWTO regions:
Europe -0.2 4.9 1.9 3.8 42.2 454.0 489.3 870 353.4 368.4 650
Northern Europe 3.4 2.4 3.3 7.1 6.4 67.6 74.2 1,080 52.6 55.9 810
Western Europe 1.4 3.9 2.7 1.7 14.5 157.9 167.9 960 122.9 126.4 730
Central/Eastern Europe -3.5 6.8 4.0 3.4 5.2 56.3 59.9 500 43.8 45.1 380
Southern/Mediter. Eu. -1.9 6.1 0.0 4.5 16.2 172.2 187.3 930 134.0 141.0 700
- of which EU-28 0.9 4.0 1.7 3.4 34.8 374.2 402.9 930 291.2 303.4 700
Asia and the Pacific 14.9 8.3 6.7 8.2 31.0 329.1 358.9 1,450 256.1 270.3 1,090
North-East Asia 21.4 9.2 7.9 9.3 15.9 167.2 184.7 1,450 130.1 139.0 1,090
South-East Asia 15.0 12.9 10.6 9.7 9.3 96.0 107.4 1,150 74.7 80.9 870
Oceania -3.0 -4.1 -1.3 1.9 3.7 43.0 42.6 3,410 33.4 32.0 2,570
South Asia 10.7 11.6 -0.6 5.3 2.1 22.9 24.3 1,570 17.8 18.3 1,180
Americas 4.2 5.1 5.7 6.4 19.8 212.9 229.2 1,360 165.7 172.6 1,030
North America 6.0 5.9 6.7 7.8 14.8 156.4 171.0 1,550 121.7 128.8 1,170
Caribbean 0.7 -1.5 1.2 2.1 2.1 24.2 24.8 1,170 18.8 18.7 880
Central America 0.3 9.7 7.5 3.2 0.8 8.7 9.4 1,020 6.8 7.1 770
South America -2.2 5.7 3.2 3.2 2.1 23.6 23.9 870 18.4 18.0 660
Africa 2.6 1.7 7.3 0.0 3.0 34.3 34.2 610 26.7 25.8 460
North Africa 0.2 -5.5 9.1 -1.4 0.9 10.0 10.2 520 7.8 7.7 390
Subsaharan Africa 3.8 5.0 6.5 0.6 2.1 24.3 24.0 660 18.9 18.1 500
Middle East 16.3 -17.2 2.2 -1.9 4.1 47.5 47.3 920 36.9 35.6 690
International Tourism Receipts
Growth in receipts equals growth
in international arrivals
In 2013, international tourism receipts in destinations around
the world grew 5% in real terms (taking into account exchange
rate fluctuations and inflation) to reach US$ 1159 billion
(euro 873 bn). Growth in receipts mirrored the growth in
international arrivals (also +5%), confirming the strong correlation
between these two key indicators of international tourism.
In absolute terms, receipts increased by US$ 81 billion
(euro 34 billion, comparatively less due to the depreciation of
the dollar). Europe, which accounts for 42% of all international
tourism receipts, saw the largest growth in 2013: up US$
35 billion to US$ 489 billion (euro 368 billion), boosted partly by
a stronger euro. Destinations in Asia and the Pacific (accounting
for 31% of worldwide receipts) increased earnings by US$
30 billion to US$ 359 billion (euro 270 bn). In the Americas
(20% share), receipts increased by US$ 16 billion to US$ 229
billion (euro 173 bn). In the Middle East (4% share) international
tourism receipts are estimated at US$ 47 billion (euro 36 bn) and
in Africa (3% share) at US$ 34 billion (euro 26 bn).
In relative terms, Asia and the Pacific (+8%) recorded the largest
increase in receipts, followed by the Americas (+6%) and Europe
(+4%). Africa posted flat results while receipts in the Middle East
were down 2% compared to 2012.
International tourism receipts are the earnings generated in
destination countries from expenditure on accommodation, food
6
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
and drink, local transport, entertainment, shopping and other
services and goods. In macro-economic terms, expenditure by
international visitors counts as exports for the destination country
and as imports for the country of residency of the visitor. In the
Balance of Payments, receipts from inbound tourism are
reported as ‘travel credit’ under the services balance and
expenditure on outbound tourism as ‘travel debit’. For many
countries tourism is a vital source of foreign currency earnings
and an important contributor to the economy, creating much
needed employment and opportunities for development.
Apart from receipts in destinations, tourism also generates
export earnings through international passenger transport
services (rendered to non-residents). In 2013, the export value of
the latter is estimated at US$ 218 billion, bringing total tourism
export earnings to US$ 1.4 trillion (euro 1.0 trillion), or US$
3.8 billion (euro 2.8 billion) a day on average.
International tourism (travel and passenger transport) accounts
for 29% of the world’s exports of services and 6% of overall
exports of goods and services. As a worldwide export category,
tourism ranks fifth after fuels, chemicals, food and automotive
products, while ranking first in many developing countries.
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) ©
¹ See note on page 9
(Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
World’s Top Tourism Destinations
Only minor changes in the top 10
by arrivals and receipts
Only two changes took place in the top 10 rankings by
international tourist arrivals and tourism receipts in 2013. In the
ranking by arrivals, Spain (with 61 million arrivals) regained the
third position it had lost in 2010 to China (56 million). Thailand
International Tourist Arrivals
Million Change (%)
Rank Series1
2012 2013* 12/11 13*/12
1 France TF 83.0 .. 1.8 ..
2 United States TF 66.7 69.8 6.3 4.7
3 Spain TF 57.5 60.7 2.3 5.6
4 China TF 57.7 55.7 0.3 -3.5
5 Italy TF 46.4 47.7 0.5 2.9
6 Turkey TF 35.7 37.8 3.0 5.9
7 Germany TCE 30.4 31.5 7.3 3.7
8 United Kingdom TF 29.3 31.2 -0.1 6.4
9 Russian Federation TF 25.7 28.4 13.5 10.2
10 Thailand TF 22.4 26.5 16.2 18.8
International Tourism Receipts
US$ Local currencies
Billion Change (%) Change (%)
Rank 2012 2013* 12/11 13*/12 12/11 13*/12
1 United States 126.2 139.6 9.2 10.6 9.2 10.6
2 Spain 56.3 60.4 -6.3 7.4 1.5 3.9
3 France 53.6 56.1 -2.2 4.8 6.0 1.3
4 China 50.0 51.7 3.2 3.3 0.8 1.4
5 Macao (China) 43.7 51.6 13.7 18.1 13.2 18.1
6 Italy 41.2 43.9 -4.2 6.6 3.8 3.1
7 Thailand 33.8 42.1 24.4 24.4 26.7 23.1
8 Germany 38.1 41.2 -1.9 8.1 6.3 4.5
9 United Kingdom 36.2 40.6 3.3 12.1 4.8 13.2
10 Hong Kong (China) 33.1 38.9 16.2 17.7 15.8 17.7
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013* 11/10 12/11 13*/12 11/10 12*/11 13*/12
International Tourist Arrivals (overnight visitors) Change (%)
Million 434 528 677 807 853 908 926 890 948 995 1,035 1,087 4.9 4.1 5.0
Index (2008=100) 100 96 102 107 112 117
International Tourism Receipts Current prices (%) Constant prices (%)
Local currencies 8.7 7.4 7.8 4.5 4.2 5.3
Index (2008=100) (constant prices) 100 95 99 104 108 114
US$ billion 262 403 476 681 747 861 944 856 931 1,042 1,078 1,159 12.0 3.4 7.5 8.6 1.3 6.0
Euro billion 206 308 515 548 595 629 641 614 702 749 839 873 6.7 12.0 4.0 3.8 9.3 2.6
entered the top 10 arrivals ranking at number 10, climbing an
amazing five positions, while it moved up two places to 7th
in the
ranking by tourism receipts.
When ranking the world’s top international tourism destinations,
it is preferable to take more than a single indicator into account.
Ranked according to the two key tourism indicators
– international tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts –
it is interesting to note that eight of the top ten destinations
appear on both lists, despite showing marked differences in
terms of the type of tourists they attract, as well as in average
length of stay and spending per trip and per night. In the case of
international tourism receipts, changes not only reflect relative
performance, but also (to a considerable extent) exchange rate
fluctuations between national currencies and the US dollar.
France continues to top the ranking of international tourist arrivals
with 83 million visitors in 2012 (2013 still to be reported), and is 3rd
in international tourism receipts (US$ 56 billion in 2013). The United
States ranks 1st
in receipts with US$ 140 billion and 2nd
in arrivals
with 70 million. Spain is still the second largest earner worldwide
and the first in Europe (US$ 60 billion), and recovered its 3rd
place
in arrivals with 61 million visitors. China moved to 4th
in arrivals
(56 million) and remains 4th
in receipts (US$ 52 billion). Italy has
consolidated its 5th
place in arrivals (48 million) and 6th
in receipts
(US$ 44 billion). Turkey remains 6th
in arrivals and 12th
in receipts.
Thailand moved up two positions in the ranking by international
receipts to 7th
, while it entered the top 10 by arrivals in 10th
position, in a bumper 2013 when international arrivals were up
by 19% to 27 million and receipts by 23% to US$ 42 billion.
Germany and the United Kingdom remain respectively 7th
and 8th
in arrivals, but moved down one place each in terms of earnings
to 8th
and 9th
places respectively. The Russian Federation
completes the top ten ranking by arrivals in 9th
place, while the
two Chinese Special Administrative Regions Macao and Hong
Kong rank respectively 5th
and 10th
in receipts.
7
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
Regional Results
Europe – a surprisingly strong 2013
International tourist arrivals in Europe were up by a solid 5% in
2013, an increase of 29 million on 2012 to a total of 563 million.
As the most visited region in the world with 52% of all international
arrivals and comprising many comparatively mature destinations,
a growth rate of 5% in Europe is remarkable. Tourism receipts
grew by 4% in real terms, reaching US$ 489 billion (euro 368
billion), accounting for 42% of receipts worldwide.
By subregion, the highest growth was recorded in Central and
Eastern Europe, with 7% more arrivals in 2013. Many
destinations recorded double-digit growth, especially smaller
ones such as Georgia and Belarus (both +15%), Armenia (+14%)
and Kazakhstan (+11%). while the subregion’s largest
destination, the Russian Federation, reported a robust 10%
increase. Ukraine and Poland (both +7%) consolidated their
healthy growth of 2012 when they hosted the UEFA European
football Championship.
Growth in absolute terms was led by Southern and Mediterranean
Europe, which reported some 11 million more international arrivals
(+6%) in 2013. The subregion’s largest destination Spain recorded
a sound 6% increase in arrivals to 61 million. Other major
destinations such as Greece (+16%), Portugal (+8%), Turkey
(+6%) and Croatia (+6%) also saw robust growth last year.
Northern Europe posted a 6% increase in arrivals with smaller
destination Iceland recording the highest relative growth (+20%).
Norway (+8%) also saw robust growth, while the United
Kingdom, the subregion’s leading destination, reported a 6%
increase in arrivals.
In Western Europe international arrivals grew by 4%.
France reported an 8% increase in international arrivals to
accommodation establishments (2013 data on arrivals at
frontiers still pending). The Netherlands, Switzerland (both +5%),
Germany (+4%) and Austria (3%) also reported healthy figures,
while Belgium saw a modest 1% increase.
Asia and the Pacific – fourth
consecutive year of robust growth
Asia and the Pacific welcomed 248 million international tourists in
2013, 15 million more than in 2012. This represents an increase
of 6% compared to 2012, making it the fastest growing region
last year in relative terms. In terms of tourism earnings, the region
recorded US$ 359 billion, up US$ 30 billion from 2012 (+8% in
real terms). While arrivals in the region accounted for 23% of the
world’s total, receipts in the region accounted for 31%.
As in 2012, South-East Asia was again the fastest growing
subregion both in the region and in the world in 2013, with an
increase of 11% in international tourist arrivals on the back of
buoyant intraregional demand. Thailand reported strong growth
(+19%), welcoming 27 million tourists, 4 million more than in
2012. Among the smaller destinations, Myanmar has seen a
surge in tourist arrivals in the last few years and recorded an
extraordinary 52% increase in 2013. Timor-Leste (+42%) and
Cambodia (+18%) also enjoyed high growth rates, as well as
Vietnam (+11%), the Philippines (+10%) and Indonesia (+9%).
South Asia (+6%) also showed solid growth last year as Sri Lanka
welcomed 27% more tourists and Maldives 17%. The subregion’s
largest destination India (7 million arrivals) posted 4% growth.
North-East Asia, the largest subregion in Asia and the Pacific
with over half of all international arrivals in the region, saw a 4%
increase last year. Japan (+24%) led this growth, reporting over
10 million arrivals for the first time ever. Taiwan (pr. of China)
(+10%) and the Republic of Korea (+9%) also experienced robust
growth, as did the two Chinese Special Administrative Regions
Hong Kong (+8%) and Macao (+5%). China itself, however, the
region’s top destination, saw a decline of 4% in arrivals
compared to 2012.
Oceania saw an increase of 5% in tourist arrivals last year, with
leading destination Australia posting 6% growth.
The Americas – solid second half of
2013 after slow start
The Americas received 5 million additional international arrivals in
2013 (+3%), reaching a total of 168 million. The region had a
slow start of the year, but growth picked up throughout the
second half. International tourism receipts in the region reached
US$ 229 billion, an increase of 6% in real terms. The region
maintained its share of worldwide arrivals at 15%, while its share
of receipts was at 20%.
North America, the largest subregion accounting for some
two-thirds of international arrivals in the region, saw 3% growth.
The United States recorded a solid 5% increase whereas
Canada posted 2% and Mexico 1% growth in tourist arrivals.
In Central America (+4%) all destinations reported consistent
growth, with Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua (all +4%)
around the subregion’s average. Belize (+6%) and Honduras
(+5%) grew somewhat faster and Guatemala and Panama (both
+3%) slightly slower.
Growth in South America (+3%) was in line with the region’s
average. Peru (+11%) recorded double-digit growth while Ecuador
(+7%), Paraguay and Colombia (both +5%) all posted sound
results. Arrival data for Brazil, the subregion’s largest destination, is
not yet available but receipt figures indicate a rather flat trend.
The Caribbean registered a modest 2% increase in arrivals in
2013. Among the larger destinations, Puerto Rico (+4%) and the
Dominican Republic (+3%) saw growth above the subregional
average. Smaller destinations such as Aruba (+8%), the Cayman
Islands, Anguilla (both +7%) and Curaçao (+5%) also reported
healthy growth. After a decline in 2012, Haiti reported a solid
20% increase in arrivals.
8
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ See note on page 9
International Tourist Arrivals International Tourism Receipts
Destinations (1000) Change (%) Share (%) (US$ million) Share (%)
Series1
2010 2011 2012 2013* 11/10 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2013*
Europe 484,842 516,020 534,376 563,441 6.4 3.6 5.4 100 411,361 464,733 454,047 489,253 100
Northern Europe 62,654 64,480 65,088 68,862 2.9 0.9 5.8 12.2 59,353 66,323 67,631 74,210 14.3
Denmark TF 8,744 7,864 8,068 .. -10.1 2.6 .. .. 5,853 6,783 6,566 6,967 1.5
Finland TF 3,670 4,192 4,226 .. 14.2 0.8 .. .. 3,051 3,820 3,881 4,017 0.8
Iceland TF 489 566 673 808 15.8 19.0 20.1 0.1 561 750 863 1,055 0.2
Ireland TF 7,134 7,630 7,550 .. 7.0 -1.0 .. .. 4,118 4,190 3,883 4,429 0.9
Norway TF/TCE 4,767 4,963 4,375 4,734 4.1 -11.9 8.2 0.8 4,707 5,308 5,442 5,661 1.2
Sweden TCE/TF 4,951 9,959 10,914 .. 101.1 9.6 .. .. 8,663 10,404 10,768 11,485 2.3
United Kingdom TF 28,296 29,306 29,282 31,169 3.6 -0.1 6.4 5.5 32,401 35,069 36,228 40,597 8.3
Western Europe 154,374 161,477 167,193 174,276 4.6 3.5 4.2 30.9 144,159 162,885 157,934 167,861 34.3
Austria TCE 22,004 23,012 24,151 24,813 4.6 4.9 2.7 4.4 18,596 19,860 18,894 20,106 4.1
Belgium TCE 7,186 7,494 7,591 7,642 4.3 1.3 0.7 1.4 12,146 13,114 13,014 13,500 2.8
France TF 77,648 81,550 83,013 .. 5.0 1.8 .. .. 47,013 54,753 53,550 56,098 11.5
Germany TCE 26,875 28,352 30,407 31,545 5.5 7.3 3.7 5.6 34,679 38,879 38,136 41,211 8.4
Liechtenstein TCE 64 67 62 60 4.2 -6.9 -4.4 0.0 .. .. .. .. ..
Luxembourg TCE 805 873 905 .. 8.4 3.7 .. .. 4,119 4,831 4,617 4,819 1.0
Monaco THS 279 295 292 .. 5.6 -1.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Netherlands TCE 10,883 11,300 12,205 12,797 3.8 8.0 4.9 2.3 12,883 14,348 13,743 15,580 3.2
Switzerland THS 8,628 8,534 8,566 8,967 -1.1 0.4 4.7 1.6 14,724 17,100 15,979 16,547 3.4
Central/Eastern Europe 94,497 103,133 111,655 118,944 9.1 8.3 6.5 21.1 48,082 56,024 56,297 59,928 12.2
Armenia TF 687 758 843 957 10.3 11.3 13.5 0.2 411 448 454 458 0.1
Azerbaijan TF 1,280 1,562 1,986 .. 22.0 27.1 .. .. 657 1,287 2,433 2,365 0.5
Belarus TF 120 116 119 137 -3.3 2.3 15.2 0.0 440 487 685 722 0.1
Bulgaria TF 6,047 6,328 6,541 6,897 4.6 3.4 5.5 1.2 3,637 3,967 3,748 4,059 0.8
Czech Rep TF 8,629 9,019 9,461 9,004 4.5 4.9 -4.8 1.6 7,121 7,628 7,035 7,050 1.4
Estonia TF 2,372 2,665 2,744 2,868 12.4 3.0 4.5 0.5 1,073 1,249 1,226 1,393 0.3
Georgia TF 1,067 1,319 1,790 2,065 23.6 35.7 15.4 0.4 659 955 1,411 1,720 0.4
Hungary TF 9,510 10,250 10,353 10,675 7.8 1.0 3.1 1.9 5,381 5,580 4,845 5,107 1.0
Kazakhstan TF 3,393 4,093 4,438 4,926 20.6 8.4 11.0 0.9 1,005 1,209 1,347 1,460 0.3
Kyrgyzstan TF/VF 855 2,278 2,406 .. 166.4 5.6 .. .. 284 640 435 .. ..
Latvia TF 1,373 1,493 1,435 1,536 8.7 -3.9 7.0 0.3 640 771 745 864 0.2
Lithuania TF 1,507 1,775 1,900 .. 17.8 7.0 .. .. 958 1,323 1,317 1,467 0.3
Poland TF 12,470 13,350 14,840 15,845 7.1 11.2 6.8 2.8 9,526 10,683 10,938 10,938 2.2
Rep Moldova TCE 64 75 89 96 17.9 18.6 7.5 0.0 173 195 213 226 0.0
Romania TCE 1,343 1,515 1,653 1,715 12.8 9.1 3.7 0.3 1,140 1,418 1,468 1,438 0.3
Russian Federation TF 20,262 22,674 25,727 28,356 11.9 13.5 10.2 5.0 8,831 11,328 10,759 11,988 2.5
Slovakia TCE 1,327 1,460 1,528 1,653 10.1 4.6 8.2 0.3 2,233 2,429 2,299 2,556 0.5
Tajikistan TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 3 .. ..
Turkmenistan TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Ukraine TF 21,203 21,415 23,013 24,671 1.0 7.5 7.2 4.4 3,788 4,294 4,842 5,083 1.0
Uzbekistan TF 975 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 121 .. .. .. ..
Southern/Mediter. Eu. 173,317 186,930 190,441 201,359 7.9 1.9 5.7 35.7 159,767 179,502 172,185 187,254 38.3
Albania TF 2,191 2,468 3,156 .. 12.6 27.9 .. .. 1,626 1,628 1,471 1,470 0.3
Andorra TF 1,808 2,242 2,238 2,329 24.0 -0.2 4.1 0.4 .. .. .. .. ..
Bosnia & Herzg TCE 365 392 439 529 7.2 11.9 20.5 0.1 594 631 622 689 0.1
Croatia TCE 9,111 9,927 10,369 10,955 9.0 4.5 5.7 1.9 8,259 9,211 8,812 9,555 2.0
Cyprus TF 2,173 2,392 2,465 2,405 10.1 3.0 -2.4 0.4 2,108 2,570 2,599 2,917 0.6
F. Yug. Rp. Macedonia TCE 262 327 351 400 25.1 7.3 13.8 0.1 197 240 234 267 0.1
Greece TF 15,007 16,427 15,518 17,923 9.5 -5.5 15.5 3.2 12,742 14,623 13,416 15,930 3.3
Israel TF 2,803 2,820 2,886 2,962 0.6 2.3 2.6 0.5 5,106 5,305 5,494 5,667 1.2
Italy TF 43,626 46,119 46,360 47,704 5.7 0.5 2.9 8.5 38,786 43,000 41,185 43,912 9.0
Malta TF 1,339 1,415 1,443 1,582 5.7 2.0 9.6 0.3 1,079 1,268 1,270 1,403 0.3
Montenegro TCE 1,088 1,201 1,264 1,324 10.4 5.3 4.8 0.2 732 862 826 884 0.2
Portugal TCE 6,832 7,412 7,685 8,324 8.5 3.7 8.3 1.5 10,077 11,339 11,056 12,284 2.5
San Marino THS 120 156 139 .. 30.3 -10.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Serbia TCE 683 764 810 922 11.9 6.0 13.8 0.2 798 992 906 1,053 0.2
Slovenia TCE 1,869 2,037 2,156 2,259 9.0 5.8 4.8 0.4 2,552 2,749 2,685 2,791 0.6
Spain TF 52,677 56,177 57,464 60,661 6.6 2.3 5.6 10.8 52,525 60,031 56,263 60,435 12.4
Turkey TF 31,364 34,654 35,698 37,795 10.5 3.0 5.9 6.7 22,585 25,054 25,345 27,997 5.7
Highlights 2014 Inglés_Maquetación 1 27/08/14 16:19 Página 8
9
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
* = provisional figure or data; .. = figure or data not (yet) available; l = change of series; n/a = not applicable.
Series of International Tourist Arrivals – TF: International tourist arrivals at frontiers (excluding same-day visitors); VF: International visitor arrivals at frontiers (tourists and same-day visitors);
THS: International tourist arrivals at hotels and similar establishments; TCE: International tourist arrivals at collective tourism establishments.
For main concepts, definitions and classifications for the measurement of tourism, please see the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 (IRTS 2008)
<statistics.unwto.org/content/irts-2008>.
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ See note below
International Tourist Arrivals International Tourism Receipts
Destinations (1000) Change (%) Share (%) (US$ million) Share (%)
Series1
2010 2011 2012 2013* 11/10 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2013*
Asia and the Pacific 204,889 218,511 233,534 248,070 6.6 6.9 6.2 100 255,887 301,510 329,090 358,923 100
North-East Asia 111,508 115,783 122,758 127,015 3.8 6.0 3.5 51.2 128,493 150,283 167,206 184,670 51.5
China TF 55,665 57,581 57,725 55,686 3.4 0.3 -3.5 22.4 45,814 48,464 50,028 51,664 14.4
Hong Kong (China) TF 20,085 22,316 23,770 25,661 11.1 6.5 8.0 10.3 22,200 28,455 33,074 38,940 10.8
Japan VF 8,611 6,219 8,358 10,364 -27.8 34.4 24.0 4.2 13,199 10,966 14,576 14,934 4.2
Korea, D P Rp .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Korea, Republic of VF 8,798 9,795 11,140 12,176 11.3 13.7 9.3 4.9 10,328 12,476 13,429 14,272 4.0
Macao (China) TF 11,926 12,925 13,577 14,268 8.4 5.0 5.1 5.8 27,802 38,453 43,702 51,617 14.4
Mongolia TF 456 460 476 418 0.9 3.4 -12.2 0.2 244 218 442 369 0.1
Taiwan (pr. of China) VF 5,567 6,087 7,311 8,016 9.3 20.1 9.6 3.2 8,721 11,065 11,770 12,677 3.5
South-East Asia 69,996 77,505 84,231 93,068 10.7 8.7 10.5 37.5 68,777 85,005 96,013 107,396 29.9
Brunei Darussalam TF 214 242 209 225 13.0 -13.6 7.6 0.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Cambodia TF 2,508 2,882 3,584 4,210 14.9 24.4 17.5 1.7 1,519 2,084 2,463 2,660 0.7
Indonesia TF 7,003 7,650 8,044 8,802 9.2 5.2 9.4 3.5 6,957 7,997 8,325 9,337 2.6
Lao P.D.R. TF 1,670 1,786 2,140 .. 6.9 19.8 .. .. 382 406 451 .. ..
Malaysia TF 24,577 24,714 25,033 25,715 0.6 1.3 2.7 10.4 18,115 19,656 20,250 21,018 5.9
Myanmar TF 311 391 593 900 25.9 51.7 51.7 0.4 72 281 .. .. ..
Philippines TF 3,520 3,917 4,273 4,681 11.3 9.1 9.6 1.9 2,630 3,190 4,061 4,683 1.3
Singapore TF 9,161 10,390 11,098 .. 13.4 6.8 .. .. 14,178 18,086 19,023 18,953 5.3
Thailand TF 15,936 19,230 22,354 26,547 20.7 16.2 18.8 10.7 20,104 27,184 33,826 42,080 11.7
Timor-Leste TF 45 50 55 78 12.8 9.6 41.5 0.0 26 21 21 .. ..
Vietnam VF 5,050 6,251 6,848 7,572 23.8 9.5 10.6 3.1 4,450 5,710 6,830 7,503 2.1
Oceania 11,371 11,462 11,926 12,484 0.8 4.0 4.7 5.0 38,580 42,472 42,952 42,554 11.9
American Samoa TF 23 22 22 .. -3.1 -1.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Australia VF 5,790 5,771 6,032 6,381 -0.3 4.5 5.8 2.6 28,422 31,335 31,731 30,979 8.6
Cook Is TF 104 113 122 121 8.5 8.2 -1.0 0.0 110 .. .. .. ..
Fiji TF 632 675 661 658 6.8 -2.1 -0.4 0.3 635 724 729 719 0.2
French Polynesia TF 154 163 169 164 5.8 3.8 -2.7 0.1 406 460 438 .. ..
Guam TF 1,197 1,160 1,308 1,334 -3.1 12.8 2.0 0.5 .. .. .. .. ..
Kiribati TF 5 5 5 6 12.0 -6.8 19.6 0.0 .. .. .. .. ..
Marshall Is TF 5 5 5 .. -0.1 0.7 .. .. 4 4 4 .. ..
Micronesia (Fed. St. of) TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
N. Mariana Is TF 375 336 .. .. -10.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
New Caledonia TF 99 112 112 108 13.5 0.3 -4.0 0.0 129 154 152 .. ..
New Zealand TF 2,435 2,511 2,473 .. 3.1 -1.5 .. .. 6,522 7,341 7,128 7,472 2.1
Niue TF 6 6 5 7 -1.9 -17.2 39.6 0.0 2 2 .. .. ..
Palau TF 86 109 119 105 27.4 8.9 -11.5 0.0 91 115 133 .. ..
Papua New Guinea TF 147 163 164 .. 11.1 0.6 .. .. 2 5 2 .. ..
Samoa TF 122 121 126 116 -0.9 4.1 -8.0 0.0 123 134 148 136 0.0
Solomon Is TF 21 23 24 .. 11.8 4.2 .. .. 54 71 67 .. ..
Tonga TF 47 46 47 .. -2.3 2.9 .. .. 27 28 41 .. ..
Tuvalu TF 2 1 .. .. -27.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Vanuatu TF 97 94 108 110 -3.3 15.1 1.8 0.0 217 226 261 .. ..
South Asia 12,014 13,761 14,618 15,504 14.5 6.2 6.1 6.2 20,036 23,750 22,919 24,304 6.8
Afghanistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 71 56 .. ..
Bangladesh TF 303 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 87 108 .. ..
Bhutan TF 41 66 105 .. 61.0 59.1 .. .. 35 48 63 63 0.0
India TF 5,776 6,309 6,578 6,848 9.2 4.3 4.1 2.8 14,490 17,707 17,971 18,397 5.1
Iran TF/VF 2,938 3,354 3,834 .. 14.2 14.3 .. .. 2,438 2,381 1,114 .. ..
Maldives TF 792 931 958 1,125 17.6 2.9 17.4 0.5 1,713 1,868 1,877 2,031 0.6
Nepal TF 603 736 803 798 22.1 9.1 -0.7 0.3 344 386 352 436 0.1
Pakistan TF 907 1,161 966 .. 28.1 -16.8 .. .. 305 373 339 288 0.1
Sri Lanka TF 654 856 1,006 1,275 30.8 17.5 26.7 0.5 576 830 1,039 1,715 0.5
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UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ See note on page 9
International Tourist Arrivals International Tourism Receipts
Destinations (1000) Change (%) Share (%) (US$ million) Share (%)
Series1
2010 2011 2012 2013* 11/10 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2013*
Americas 150,578 155,964 162,721 167,940 3.6 4.3 3.2 100 180,865 198,522 212,911 229,179 100
North America 99,517 102,130 106,404 110,091 2.6 4.2 3.5 65.6 131,284 144,255 156,360 171,044 74.6
Canada TF 16,219 16,016 16,344 16,588 -1.3 2.0 1.5 9.9 15,829 16,834 17,407 17,656 7.7
Mexico TF 23,290 23,403 23,403 23,734 0.5 0.0 1.4 14.1 11,992 11,869 12,739 13,819 6.0
United States TF 60,008 62,711 66,657 69,768 4.5 6.3 4.7 41.5 103,463 115,552 126,214 139,569 60.9
Caribbean 19,539 20,117 20,730 21,229 3.0 3.0 2.4 12.6 22,765 23,409 24,201 24,828 10.8
Anguilla TF 62 66 65 69 6.1 -1.6 6.8 0.0 99 112 113 122 0.1
Antigua,Barb TF 230 241 247 244 5.0 2.3 -1.2 0.1 298 312 319 299 0.1
Aruba TF 825 869 904 979 5.4 4.0 8.3 0.6 1,251 1,351 1,402 .. ..
Bahamas TF 1,370 1,346 1,422 1,363 -1.7 5.6 -4.1 0.8 2,163 2,142 2,311 .. ..
Barbados TF 532 568 536 509 6.7 -5.5 -5.2 0.3 1,034 963 907 912 0.4
Bermuda TF 232 236 232 236 1.6 -1.7 1.8 0.1 442 466 454 437 0.2
Br.Virgin Is TF 330 338 351 356 2.2 4.0 1.2 0.2 389 388 397 .. ..
Cayman Islands TF 288 309 322 345 7.2 4.1 7.4 0.2 485 458 480 .. ..
Cuba TF 2,507 2,688 2,815 .. 7.2 4.7 .. .. 2,187 2,283 2,326 .. ..
Curaçao TF 342 390 420 440 14.2 7.6 4.8 0.3 385 453 543 .. ..
Dominica TF 77 76 78 78 -1.3 3.4 0.2 0.0 94 106 76 82 0.0
Dominican Rp TF 4,125 4,306 4,563 4,690 4.4 5.9 2.8 2.8 4,209 4,436 4,736 5,118 2.2
Grenada TF 110 118 112 116 7.1 -5.1 3.7 0.1 112 117 122 120 0.1
Guadeloupe TCE 392 418 .. .. 6.5 .. .. .. 510 583 .. .. ..
Haiti TF 255 349 349 420 36.9 0.1 20.2 0.2 169 162 170 .. ..
Jamaica TF 1,922 1,952 1,986 2,008 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.2 2,001 2,013 2,046 .. ..
Martinique TF 476 495 487 490 3.9 -1.6 0.5 0.3 472 516 462 .. ..
Montserrat TF 6 5 7 7 -9.8 35.5 -1.5 0.0 6 5 7 8 0.0
Puerto Rico TF 3,186 3,048 3,069 3,200 -4.3 0.7 4.3 1.9 3,211 3,143 3,193 3,334 1.5
Saint Lucia TF 306 312 307 319 2.1 -1.8 3.9 0.2 309 321 337 354 0.2
St.Kitts-Nev TF 98 102 104 107 3.4 2.5 2.6 0.1 90 94 95 101 0.0
St.Maarten TF 443 424 457 467 -4.2 7.6 2.3 0.3 674 719 842 .. ..
St.Vincent,Grenadines TF 72 74 74 72 1.9 0.7 -3.5 0.0 86 92 94 92 0.0
Trinidad Tbg TF 388 402 .. .. 3.7 .. .. .. 450 472 .. .. ..
Turks,Caicos TF 281 354 292 291 26.0 -17.6 -0.4 0.2 .. .. .. .. ..
US.Virgin Is TF 590 532 580 .. -9.8 9.1 .. .. 1,013 .. .. .. ..
Central America 7,908 8,256 8,860 9,192 4.4 7.3 3.7 5.5 6,627 7,787 8,723 9,380 4.1
Belize TF 242 250 277 294 3.5 10.7 6.1 0.2 249 247 298 351 0.2
Costa Rica TF 2,100 2,192 2,343 2,428 4.4 6.9 3.6 1.4 1,999 2,152 2,299 2,483 1.1
El Salvador TF 1,150 1,184 1,255 1,308 3.0 5.9 4.2 0.8 390 415 558 621 0.3
Guatemala TF 1,219 1,225 1,305 1,331 0.5 6.5 2.0 0.8 1,378 1,350 1,419 1,481 0.6
Honduras TF 863 871 895 943 1.0 2.7 5.4 0.6 627 639 661 711 0.3
Nicaragua TF 1,011 1,060 1,180 1,230 4.8 11.3 4.3 0.7 309 378 422 417 0.2
Panama TF 1,324 1,473 1,606 1,658 11.2 9.1 3.2 1.0 1,676 2,605 3,067 3,316 1.4
South America 23,614 25,460 26,727 27,429 7.8 5.0 2.6 16.3 20,189 23,071 23,626 23,927 10.4
Argentina TF 5,325 5,705 5,585 5,571 7.1 -2.1 -0.3 3.3 4,942 5,354 4,887 4,411 1.9
Bolivia TF 807 953 1,114 .. 18.0 17.0 .. .. 379 481 532 .. ..
Brazil TF 5,161 5,433 5,677 .. 5.3 4.5 .. .. 5,702 6,555 6,645 6,711 2.9
Chile TF 2,801 3,137 3,554 3,576 12.0 13.3 0.6 2.1 1,645 1,889 2,150 2,219 1.0
Colombia TF 2,385 2,042 2,175 2,288 -14.4 6.5 5.2 1.4 2,083 2,201 2,354 2,491 1.1
Ecuador VF 1,047 1,141 1,272 1,366 9.0 11.5 7.4 0.8 781 843 1,033 1,246 0.5
French Guiana TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Guyana TF 152 157 177 .. 3.3 12.6 .. .. 80 95 64 .. ..
Paraguay TF 465 524 579 610 12.6 10.6 5.3 0.4 217 241 265 273 0.1
Peru TF 2,299 2,598 2,846 3,164 13.0 9.5 11.2 1.9 2,008 2,360 2,657 3,009 1.3
Suriname TF 204 220 240 249 7.9 8.9 3.8 0.1 61 61 71 84 0.0
Uruguay TF 2,349 2,857 2,695 2,684 21.6 -5.7 -0.4 1.6 1,509 2,203 2,076 1,920 0.8
Venezuela TF 526 595 710 .. 13.0 19.3 .. .. 740 739 844 .. ..
11
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ See note on page 9
International Tourist Arrivals International Tourism Receipts
Destinations (1000) Change (%) Share (%) (US$ million) Share (%)
Series1
2010 2011 2012 2013* 11/10 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2013*
Africa 49,938 49,646 52,948 55,799 -0.6 6.6 5.4 100 30,389 32,680 34,325 34,216 100
North Africa 18,756 17,058 18,464 19,582 -9.1 8.2 6.1 35.1 9,661 9,589 10,018 10,235 29.9
Algeria VF 2,070 2,395 2,634 2,733 15.7 10.0 3.7 4.9 219 209 217 .. ..
Morocco TF 9,288 9,342 9,375 10,046 0.6 0.4 7.2 18.0 6,703 7,281 6,703 6,850 20.0
Sudan TF 495 536 .. .. 8.3 .. .. .. 94 185 872 933 2.7
Tunisia TF 6,902 4,785 5,950 6,269 -30.7 24.4 5.3 11.2 2,645 1,914 2,227 2,210 6.5
Subsaharan Africa 31,181 32,588 34,484 36,217 4.5 5.8 5.0 64.9 20,728 23,090 24,307 23,981 70.1
Angola TF 425 481 528 .. 13.2 9.8 .. .. 719 647 706 .. ..
Benin TF 199 209 220 .. 5.0 5.3 .. .. 149 187 189 .. ..
Botswana TF 2,145 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78 33 34 .. ..
Burkina Faso THS 274 238 .. .. -13.1 .. .. .. 72 133 .. .. ..
Burundi TF 142 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 .. ..
Cameroon VF 573 604 817 .. 5.5 35.3 .. .. 159 409 349 .. ..
Cabo Verde THS 336 428 482 464 27.4 12.6 -3.8 0.8 278 369 414 462 1.4
Cent.Afr.Rep. TF 54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 .. .. .. ..
Chad THS 71 77 86 .. 8.5 11.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Comoros TF 15 19 .. .. 22.9 .. .. .. 35 44 39 .. ..
Congo THS 194 218 256 .. 12.4 17.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Côte d'Ivoire VF 252 270 289 .. 7.1 7.0 .. .. 201 141 .. .. ..
Dem.R.Congo TF 81 186 .. .. 129.6 .. .. .. 11 11 7 .. ..
Djibouti TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 19 21 .. ..
Equatorial Guinea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Eritrea VF 84 107 .. .. 27.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Ethiopia TF 468 523 596 .. 11.7 14.0 .. .. 522 770 607 416 1.2
Gabon TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Gambia TF 91 106 157 171 16.4 48.4 8.8 0.3 74 83 88 .. ..
Ghana TF 931 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 620 694 914 .. ..
Guinea TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 1 .. ..
Kenya TF 1,470 1,750 1,619 .. 19.1 -7.5 .. .. 800 926 935 .. ..
Lesotho TF 414 398 422 .. -4.0 6.1 .. .. 25 29 46 . ..
Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 232 .. .. ..
Madagascar TF 196 225 256 196 14.8 13.7 -23.3 0.4 321 .. .. .. ..
Malawi TF 746 767 .. .. 2.8 .. .. .. 33 34 34 .. ..
Mali TF 169 160 134 .. -5.3 -16.3 .. .. 283 267 .. .. ..
Mauritania TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mauritius TF 935 965 965 993 3.2 0.1 2.9 1.8 1,282 1,488 1,477 1,321 3.9
Mozambique TF 1,718 1,902 2,113 .. 10.7 11.1 .. .. 197 231 250 .. ..
Namibia TF 984 1,027 .. .. 4.4 .. .. .. 438 517 485 409 1.2
Niger TF 74 82 81 .. 10.9 -1.2 .. .. 105 96 .. .. ..
Nigeria TF 1,555 715 .. .. -54.0 .. .. .. 576 628 559 543 1.6
Reunion TF 421 471 447 416 12.1 -5.3 -6.8 0.7 296 344 315 .. ..
Rwanda TF 504 688 815 .. 36.5 18.5 .. .. 202 252 282 .. ..
Sao Tome Prn TF 8 12 .. .. 52.5 .. .. .. 11 16 14 .. ..
Senegal TF 900 1,001 .. .. 11.2 .. .. .. 453 468 .. .. ..
Seychelles TF 175 194 208 230 11.4 7.0 10.7 0.4 274 291 310 344 1.0
Sierra Leone TF 39 52 60 81 35.8 13.9 36.0 0.1 26 44 42 59 0.2
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africa TF 8,074 8,339 9,188 9,510 3.3 10.2 3.5 17.0 9,070 9,547 9,994 9,238 27.0
Swaziland TF 1,078 880 1,093 .. -18.4 24.2 .. .. 50 21 30 .. ..
Tanzania TF 754 843 1,043 .. 11.8 23.7 .. .. 1,255 1,353 1,713 1,880 5.5
Togo THS 202 300 235 .. 48.5 -21.7 .. .. 66 79 .. .. ..
Uganda TF 946 1,151 1,197 1,206 21.7 3.9 0.8 2.2 784 960 1,135 1,184 3.5
Zambia TF 815 920 859 .. 12.9 -6.7 .. .. 125 146 155 .. ..
Zimbabwe VF 2,239 2,423 1,794 1,833 8.2 -26.0 2.1 3.3 634 662 749 851 2.5
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UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
Africa – sustained growth across
many destinations
Africa continued to enjoy sustained growth, attracting 5% more
international tourist arrivals in 2013, corresponding to an increase
of 3 million. The region welcomed a total of 56 million tourists (5%
of the world) last year after surpassing the 50 million mark in
2012. International tourism receipts remained at US$ 34 billion.
The region maintained a 5% share in worldwide arrivals and a 3%
share in receipts.
North Africa (+6%) had another year of robust growth. Morocco
(+7%) is the first African destination to have surpassed the mark of
10 million international arrivals, while Tunisia (+5%) recovered further.
Arrivals growth in Subsaharan Africa is estimated at 5%, though
individual destinations with data available show a mixed picture.
South Africa, the largest destination in the subregion, reported
4% growth. Seychelles (+11%) and Gambia (+9%) reported
strong growth, while Mauritius (+3%), Zimbabwe (+2%) and
Uganda (+1%) posted more modest increases.
Middle East – mixed and volatile
results
The Middle East continued to show some mixed trends in
2013 due to the ongoing tension in some destinations.
International tourist arrivals remained at 52 million (0% growth)
whereas earnings decreased by 2% to US$ 47 billion. The
region has a 5% share in total world arrivals and 4% in
receipts.
Results varied across individual destinations. The United Arab
Emirate of Dubai grew at a robust pace of 11%, while Palestine
(+11%) and Oman (+8%) also reported healthy growth. Other
destinations faced declines. The region’s top destination Saudi
Arabia reported 7% less tourist arrivals than in 2012. Egypt
posted double-digit growth in the first half of the year, but saw
a significant drop in arrivals in the second half due to renewed
political tension in the country, leading to an overall decrease of
18%. Lebanon (-7%) and Jordan (-5%) continued to suffer
from the conflict in neighbouring Syria.
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ See note on page 9
² Dubai only
Outbound Tourism
Most tourists visit destinations within
their own region
The large majority of international travel takes place within
travellers’ own regions, with about four out of five worldwide
arrivals originating from the same region.
Source markets for international tourism have traditionally been
largely concentrated in the advanced economies of Europe, the
Americas and Asia and the Pacific. However, with rising levels of
disposable income, many emerging economies have shown fast
growth over recent years, especially in markets of Asia, Central
and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.
Europe is currently still the world’s largest source region,
generating over half of the world’s international arrivals, followed
by Asia and the Pacific (23%), the Americas (16%), the Middle
East (3%) and Africa (3%).
International Tourist Arrivals International Tourism Receipts
Destinations (1000) Change (%) Share (%) (US$ million) Share (%)
Series1
2010 2011 2012 2013* 11/10 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2013*
Middle East 58,172 54,629 51,684 51,571 -6.1 -5.4 -0.2 100 52,016 44,769 47,462 47,276 100
Bahrain TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,362 1,035 1,051 .. ..
Egypt TF 14,051 9,497 11,196 9,174 -32.4 17.9 -18.1 17.8 12,528 8,707 9,940 6,044 12.8
Iraq VF 1,518 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,660 1,543 1,634 .. ..
Jordan TF 4,207 3,960 4,162 3,945 -5.9 5.1 -5.2 7.7 3,585 3,425 4,061 4,117 8.7
Kuwait THS 207 269 300 .. 29.6 11.6 .. .. 290 319 425 298 0.6
Lebanon TF 2,168 1,655 1,366 1,274 -23.7 -17.5 -6.7 2.5 7,861 6,545 6,032 .. ..
Libya TF .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 .. .. .. ..
Oman TF 1,446 1,343 1,987 .. -7.1 48.0 .. .. 780 996 1,095 .. ..
Palestine THS 522 449 490 545 -14.1 9.3 11.3 1.1 667 795 755 .. 1.8
Qatar TF 1,519 2,527 1,170 .. 66.4 -53.7 .. .. 584 1,170 2,857 3,456 7.3
Saudi Arabia TF 10,850 17,498 14,276 13,213 61.3 -18.4 -7.4 25.6 6,712 8,459 7,432 7,651 16.2
Syria TF 8,546 5,070 .. .. -40.7 .. .. .. 6,190 1,753 .. .. ..
Untd Arab Emirates² THS 7,432 8,129 8,977 9,990 9.4 10.4 11.3 19.4 8,577 9,204 10,380 .. ..
Yemen TF 1,025 829 874 .. -19.1 5.4 .. .. 1,161 780 849 940 2.0
13
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
¹ Countries that could not be allocated to a specific region of origin. As information is derived from inbound tourism data this occurs when data on the country of origin is missing or when a category such
as 'other countries of the world' is used grouping countries together that are not seperately specified.
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO May 2014)
Top spenders in international tourism
China strengthens its lead in global
tourism expenditure
China, which leaped to first place in the ranking by international
tourism expenditure in 2012, extended its lead further, increasing
expenditure in 2013 by a massive US$ 27 billion to a record US$
129 billion. Boosted by rising disposable incomes, fewer
restrictions on foreign travel and an appreciating currency,
Chinese tourism spending abroad has increased almost tenfold
in the 13 years since 2000, when it ranked only 7th
. In 2013 the
gap in expenditure between China and second and third largest
spenders the United States and Germany widened to over US$
42 billion. The United States (+3%) and Germany (+2%) recorded
moderate growth last year, with expenditure just over and just
under US$ 86 billion respectively.
The Russian Federation climbed one place in 2013 to become
the fourth largest outbound market, following a 25% increase to
US$ 54 billion. It has been the second fastest growing market in
recent years after China, doubling expenditure since 2010. As a
consequence, the United Kingdom (+4%) fell one position to 5th
,
with an expenditure of US$ 53 billion. France (+5%), Canada
(+3%) and Australia (+9%) held on to positions 6, 7 and 8
respectively, with expenditure of US$ 42 billion, US$ 35 billion
and US$ 28 billion. Italy moved up one place to 9th with
expenditure of US$ 27 billion.
Brazil entered the top 10 by expenditure in 10th
place, following a
13% increase to US$ 25 billion. Other source markets beyond
the top 10 showing substantial growth were Norway, Taiwan
(pr. of China), Kuwait, Qatar, Ukraine and Turkey.
International Tourism Local currencies Market Population Expenditure
Rank Expenditure (US$ billion) change (%) share (%) (million) per capita (US$)
2012 2013* 12/11 13*/12 2013* 2013 2013*
1 China 102.0 128.6 37.3 23.8 11.1 1,361 94
2 United States 83.5 86.2 6.7 3.3 7.4 316 273
3 Germany 81.3 85.9 2.5 2.3 7.4 81 1,063
4 Russian Federation 42.8 53.5 36.5 28.9 4.6 143 374
5 United Kingdom 51.3 52.6 2.1 3.5 4.5 64 821
6 France 39.1 42.4 -5.8 4.9 3.7 64 665
7 Canada 35.0 35.2 6.2 3.2 3.0 35 1,002
8 Australia 28.0 28.4 2.1 8.8 2.4 23 1,223
9 Italy 26.4 27.0 -0.3 -1.0 2.3 60 452
10 Brazil 22.2 25.1 4.6 12.9 2.2 198 127
International Tourist Arrivals by region of origin Market Change Average annual
(million) share (%) (%) growth (%)
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2012 2013* 2013* 12/11 13*/12 '05-13*
World 434 528 677 807 890 948 1,035 1,087 100 4.1 5.0 3.8
From:
Europe 250.3 302.6 388.8 449.7 476.5 496.6 537.3 565.9 52.1 3.4 5.3 2.9
Asia and the Pacific 58.7 86.3 114.2 153.2 180.9 206.3 237.2 250.3 23.0 6.5 5.5 6.3
Americas 99.3 108.4 130.8 136.5 147.1 156.3 171.6 178.1 16.4 4.4 3.8 3.4
Middle East 8.2 9.3 14.1 22.9 32.3 34.6 31.6 32.3 3.0 -6.7 2.0 4.4
Africa 9.8 11.5 14.9 19.3 25.5 28.3 31.9 33.4 3.1 6.1 4.8 7.1
Origin not specified¹ 7.8 9.4 14.1 25.4 28.2 26.3 25.7 26.8 2.5
Same region 348.7 422.6 532.5 630.6 686.8 728.1 799.6 840.2 77.3 4.0 5.1 3.7
Other regions 77.6 95.6 130.3 150.9 175.4 194.0 210.0 219.8 20.2 4.2 4.7 4.8
14
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030
Long-term forecasts – substantial potential for further growth
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030 is UNWTO’s long-term outlook
and assessment of the development of tourism for the two
decades from 2010 to 2030. It is a broad research project
building on UNWTO’s ongoing work in the field of long-term
forecasting, initiated in the 1990s. The new study substitutes the
earlier Tourism 2020 Vision, which has become a worldwide
reference for international tourism forecasts.
Key outputs of Tourism Towards 2030 are quantitative
projections of international tourism demand over a 20-year
period, with 2010 as the base year and ending in 2030. The
updated forecast is enriched with an analysis of the social,
political, economic, environmental and technological factors that
have shaped tourism in the past, and which are expected to
influence the sector in the future.
According to Tourism Towards 2030, the number of
international tourist arrivals worldwide is expected to increase
by an average of 3.3% a year over the period 2010 to 2030.
Over time, the rate of growth will gradually slow, from 3.8%
in 2012 to 2.9% in 2030, but on top of growing base numbers.
In absolute numbers, international tourist arrivals will increase
by some 43 million a year, compared with an average increase
of 28 million a year during the period 1995 to 2010. At the
projected rate of growth, international tourist arrivals worldwide
are expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2020 and 1.8 billion by the
year 2030.
International tourist arrivals in the emerging economy destinations
of Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, Eastern
Mediterranean Europe, the Middle East and Africa will grow at
double the rate (+4.4% a year) of that in advanced economy
destinations (+2.2% a year). As a result, arrivals in emerging
economies are expected to exceed those in advanced
economies before 2020. In 2030, 57% of international arrivals will
be in emerging economy destinations (versus 30% in 1980) and
43% in advanced economy destinations (versus 70% in 1980).
By region, the strongest growth will be seen in Asia and the
Pacific, where arrivals are forecast to increase by 331 million to
reach 535 million in 2030 (+4.9% per year). The Middle East and
Africa are also expected to more than double their arrivals in this
period, from 61 million to 149 million and from 50 million to 134
million respectively. Europe (from 475 million to 744 million) and
the Americas (from 150 million to 248 million) will grow
comparatively more slowly.
Thanks to their faster growth, the global market shares of Asia
and the Pacific (to 30% in 2030, up from 22% in 2010), the
Middle East (to 8%, from 6%) and Africa (to 7%, from 5%) will all
increase. As a result, Europe (to 41%, from 51%) and the
Americas (to 14%, from 16%) will experience a further decline in
their share of international tourism, mostly because of the slower
growth of comparatively mature destinations in North America,
Northern Europe and Western Europe.
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030: Actual trend and forecast 1950-2030
15
UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) © (Data as collected by UNWTO September 2011)
¹ Classication based on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), see the Statistical Annex of the IMF World Economic Outlook of April 2012, page 177, at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01.
International Tourist Arrivals received (million) Average annual growth (%) Share (%)
Actual data Projections Actual data Projections
2010-'30, of which
1980 1995 2010 2020 2030 1980-'95 '95-2010 2010-'20 2020-'30 2010 2030
World 277 528 940 1,360 1,809 4.4 3.9 3.3 3.8 2.9 100 100
to Advanced economies¹ 194 334 498 643 772 3.7 2.7 2.2 2.6 1.8 53 43
to Emerging economies¹ 83 193 442 717 1,037 5.8 5.7 4.4 4.9 3.8 47 57
By UNWTO regions:
Africa 7.2 18.9 50.3 85 134 6.7 6.7 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.3 7.4
North Africa 4.0 7.3 18.7 31 46 4.1 6.5 4.6 5.2 4.0 2.0 2.5
West and Central Africa 1.0 2.3 6.8 13 22 5.9 7.5 5.9 6.5 5.4 0.7 1.2
East Africa 1.2 5.0 12.1 22 37 10.1 6.1 5.8 6.2 5.4 1.3 2.1
Southern Africa 1.0 4.3 12.6 20 29 10.1 7.4 4.3 4.5 4.1 1.3 1.6
Americas 62.3 109.0 149.7 199 248 3.8 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.2 15.9 13.7
North America 48.3 80.7 98.2 120 138 3.5 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.4 10.4 7.6
Caribbean 6.7 14.0 20.1 25 30 5.0 2.4 2.0 2.4 1.7 2.1 1.7
Central America 1.5 2.6 7.9 14 22 3.8 7.7 5.2 6.0 4.5 0.8 1.2
South America 5.8 11.7 23.6 40 58 4.8 4.8 4.6 5.3 3.9 2.5 3.2
Asia and the Pacific 22.8 82.0 204.0 355 535 8.9 6.3 4.9 5.7 4.2 21.7 29.6
North-East Asia 10.1 41.3 111.5 195 293 9.9 6.8 4.9 5.7 4.2 11.9 16.2
South-East Asia 8.2 28.4 69.9 123 187 8.7 6.2 5.1 5.8 4.3 7.4 10.3
Oceania 2.3 8.1 11.6 15 19 8.7 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.0 1.2 1.0
South Asia 2.2 4.2 11.1 21 36 4.3 6.6 6.0 6.8 5.3 1.2 2.0
Europe 177.3 304.1 475.3 620 744 3.7 3.0 2.3 2.7 1.8 50.6 41.1
Northern Europe 20.4 35.8 57.7 72 82 3.8 3.2 1.8 2.2 1.4 6.1 4.5
Western Europe 68.3 112.2 153.7 192 222 3.4 2.1 1.8 2.3 1.4 16.3 12.3
Central/Eastern Europe 26.6 58.1 95.0 137 176 5.3 3.3 3.1 3.7 2.5 10.1 9.7
Southern/Mediter. Eu. 61.9 98.0 168.9 219 264 3.1 3.7 2.3 2.6 1.9 18.0 14.6
Middle East 7.1 13.7 60.9 101 149 4.5 10.5 4.6 5.2 4.0 6.5 8.2
UNWTO Tourism Towards 2030: International tourism by region of destination
UNWTO Tourism Highlights is a World
Tourism Organization publication, which aims
to provide an overview of international
tourism trends during the year prior to its
date of publication. For individual countries
and territories it reflects data as reported by
national or international institutions up until
May 2014. For information on current
short-term tourism data and trends, please
refer to the UNWTO World Tourism
Barometer at: mkt.unwto.org/en/barometer.
Copyright © 2014,
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
All rights reserved.
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), a
United Nations specialized agency, is the
leading international organization with the
decisive and central role in promoting the
development of responsible, sustainable and
universally accessible tourism. It serves as a
global forum for tourism policy issues and a
practical source of tourism know-how. Its
membership includes 156 countries, 6
territories, 2 permanent observers and over
400 Affiliate Members.
The designations employed and the
presentation of material in this publication do
not imply the expression of any opinions
whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of
the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area, or of its authorities or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.
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Cover image: Camino de Santiago, Spain