Week 8 GRAMMAR Task 1 Conditionals Define the rules for the three conditionals: 1. If she wins the game, she will qualify for the World Cup. 2. If she won the game, she would qualify for the World Cup. 3. If she had won the game, she would have qualified for the World Cup. What is the difference between these two sentences: Tom will throw a party if he passes the exam. Tom will throw a party when he passes the exam. THIRD CONDITIONAL The Third Conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past. You can describe what you would have done differently or how something could have happened differently if circumstances had been different. Example: · If the athlete had had a proper diet, he would have performed better. (But the diet was poor and the athlete did not perform well.) · She would have been very frustrated if she had failed the test. (But she…?) Using the words in brackets, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form: 1. If I (have) ...........................enough money, I (backpack) ...........................around Europe. But, unfortunately, I am broke. 2. If I (have) ...........................enough money in my twenties, I (backpack) ...........................around Europe. But, unfortunately, I was broke. 3. She would have been here earlier if she (miss, not) ...........................the train. 4. If I exercised more, I (be) ...........................much more fit and I (have, not) ...........................so many health problems. 5. My business trip to California was only two days. If the trip (be) ...........................longer, I (visit) my friends in Los Angeles. 7. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know) ..........................., I (make) ...........................you a vanilla birthday cake. MIXED CONDITIONAL Sometimes we make sentences which mix second and third conditionals, especially when a past event has an effect in the present: Examples: · If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities. But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities. · If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here. But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here. Complete the following conditional sentences: 1. You wouldn´t have been overtrained if you…. 2. He´ll get over the injury if he… 3. If he hadn´t eaten so much… 4. You´ll improve your performance if you.. 5. Training would be easy if… 6. They would have won a Nobel prize if they … 7. I´ll be very happy when… 8. I´ll be very happy if… 9. I´d be very happy if… 10. I would have been very happy if… Task 2 Passive Voice Complete the following sentences using the given verbs. Decide whether each verb should be used in the passive or in active voice. A number of tenses are possible in each case. There is one verb you do not need to use. base belong design estimate happen link rise raise subject undergo 1. The global incidence of malaria _______________ to be nearly 120 million cases each year. 2. Interviewers _____________ extensive training prior to the research. 3. 35 years later, the population of the city ______________ to 490,000. 4. This analysis _______________ on the works of Lenin and Mao. 5. The present study ______________ to compare quantitatively the relative effectiveness of these two methods. 6. Vitamin D deficiency _____________ to higher risk of heart disease. 7. The caracal is an animal found in Africa and western Asia which ____________ to the cat family. 8. The water temperature rise in the lake ____________ at the same time as increased seismic activity in the area. 9. Tiny cracks appeared in the concrete when it ____________ to high temperatures.