Performance Diagnostics LABORATORY TESTS EXTERIOR TESTS DIAGNOSTICS of abilities AEROBIC ANAEROBIC Anaerobic abilities diagnostics Wingate test Oxygen deficit/debt Bosco ergo jump test Particular energetic systems ratio in maximal load (Stejskal 2006; taken from Gastin 2001) Load duration (s) Glycolysis Aerobic phosphorylation • •Aim to assesment of non-oxidative energetic sources used to produce ATP in working muscles. •Short-term performance predispositions can be predicted based on anaerobic tests. • Anaerobic tests Anaerobic predispositions markers: • metabolic, • biochemical, • histochemical. • (Incl. breathed gases analysis, blood-sample-based lactate evaluation, pH, muscle biopsy, et cetera.) Further methods test physical performance using stairs, treadmill, bicycle ergometer, et cetera. Contents Main characteristics of muscle fibre types Slow-twitch (ST) Fast-twitch (FTa) Fast-twitch (FTb) Contraction speed low high high Contraction power low medium high Fatigue resistance high medium low Glycogen volume low high high Diameter low medium high Mitochondrial density high high low Capillary density high high low ATPase activity low high high Glycolytic capacity low high high Fast/slow-twitch fibres ratio (%) Fast-twitch fibres Slow-twitch fibres Sprinters Jumpers Shot putters Weight-lifters Middle-distance runners Hockey players Population average Swimmers Rowers Canoists Speed skaters Cyclists Endurance runners Marathon runners Contents ► Invasive method – muscle biopsy ► Magnetic resonance + biochemical analysis of the recorded muscle ► Bosco ergo jump test Muscle fibres diagnosis • Vertical jump • Margaria test (step-running test) • Anaerobic capacity test – treadmill sprint • Isokinetic test • Oxygen deficit during spiroergometry • Wingate test • Bosco ergo jump test •Maximum level of oxygen deficit – oxygen volume theoreticaly remaining to VO2max (during maximal continuous exercise until exhaustion) [l]. • •Maximum oxygen debt (recovery VO2) – oxygen volume surpassing resting oxygen intake (after load until rest) [l]. • Oxygen deficit/debt graf Kyslíkový dluh O2 deficit O2 debt Load Load Resting VO2 skenovat0007 •Hormone balancing, •replenishment of fuel stores, •cellular repair, •innervation, •anabolism, •new ATP synthesis, •phosphate groups form creatine. Wingate test •(Wingate anaerobic test WAnT) •30 s pedaling at maximal speed (on isokinetic bicycle ergometer •Constant resistence (individually 0.75 N m/kg) http://www.sportcenter.sk/diagnostika/sluzby/funkcna-diagnostika/preview.php?id=ea90be51f1fa36d42d4 b368653a860c5&show=preview Wingate test – parameters •Peak power – W, W/kg • •Mean power – W, W/kg • •Total work / Anaerobic capacity – J, J/kg • •Fatigue index / Rate of fatigue – % Untitled-7 Textové pole: Time (s) Time (s) skenovat0005 Maximal output Average output W W/kg W W/kg Males 700 9.2 563 7.3 Females 454 7.6 381 6.4 Wingate test – average population (Lipková, 2006) Maximal output Anaerob. capacity Fatigue index Source W W/kg J/kg % Author, year Sprint - 11.4 272 37 Heller, 1999 Ice hockey 785 - - - Hoffman, 2006 Swimming - 10.8 265 34 Heller, 1999 Speed skating - 12.3 - - Smith-Roberts, 1991 Tennis 699 - - - Kraemer, 2003 Sport students - 10.8 258 40 Heller, 1999 Wingate test – sportswomen Maximal output Anaer. capacity Fatigue index Source W W/kg J/kg % Author, year Speed skating - 16.6 - - Smith-Roberts, 1991 Sprint 924* 14* 14.2 332 42 Granier, 1995* Heller, 1999 Ice hockey 785 11.7* 15.2 355 42 Heller, 1999 Lipková, 2006* Gymnastics - 12.3 - - Lipková, 2006 Wrestling - 12.0 - - Lipková, 2006 Middle-distance run - 10.0* 13.0 - - Lipková, 2006* Granier 1995 Basketball - 14.4 - - Hoffman, 1999 Endurance run - 9.3 - - Lipková, 2006 Sport students - 12.3 292 46 Heller, 1999 Wingate test – sportsmen P1050089 Bosco ergo jump •A mat is electrically connected during feet touch •Measuring of lengths of flight and contact •Evaluation of jump abilities skenovat0003 Fast-twitch fibres ratio in boys (Flemr, 2014) Power during active take-off (W/kg) Age (years) Fast-twitch fibres ratio (%) Fast-twitch fibres ratio in girls (Flemr, 2014) Power during active take-off (W/kg) Fast-twitch fibres ratio (%) Age (years) ergometrie_muzi Jump height / age dependency in men (Flemr, 2014) ergometrie_zeny Jump height / age dependency in women (Flemr, 2014)