Anaerobic Threshold D:\Alternate Chapter Clipart\Chapter 06\Manrowing.tiff Creatinphosphate Fatty acids Glucose Fats Glycogen Energetically rich phosphates (ATP) ATP + Lactate ATP Energetic stores Energy persistence Energy source Energetic readiness for Long performance Middle performance Short performance Anae. (lact.) 7–10 s Anaerob. (alactate) Aerobic Aerobic 60–90 min 40–50 s Hours A:\Backgrounds\Contents.tiff Anaerobic Threshold w Point during intense exercise at which metabolism becomes increasingly more anaerobic w Reflects the lactate threshold under most conditions, though the relationship is not always exact w Identified by noting an increase in VE/VO2 without an concomitant increase in the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) . . . . D:\Alternate Chapter Clipart\Chapter 09\Wheelchairathlete.tiff •Marker of aerobic abilities • •Demarks oxidative (aerobic) and non-oxidative (anaerobic) energetic coverage • •Occurrs at the moment of rapid increase of non-oxidative energetic coverage followed by blood lactate accumulation • •(Low intensity workout (steady-state) is covered with oxidative phosphorylation completely) • ANP2 Zones Anaerobic Aerobic Anaerobic–aerobic Anaerobic threshold Aerobic threshold Aerobic–anaerobic Anaerobic threshold assessment based on ventilation • •Well trained athlete bears VO2max intensity 10–15 minutes • •For longer loads the intensity has to decrease • •Intensity over 50 % VO2max the fast-twitch fibres activate • •The fast-twitch fibres work on anaerobic basis • •The threshold lies approximately at the point of higher intensity ventilation, CO2 exhalation and O2 culmination • skenovat0001 Ventilation anaerobic threshold Anaerobic threshold O2 consumption Obr23 Obr21 • Faster ventilation, same O2 consumption • • Faster ventilation, slightly higher CO2 expulsion ventilační prah 2 Robergs ventilační prahRobergs Lactate curve •A product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactate • •Lactate outflow from muscles occurs through blood • •Lactate rest levels are below 2 mmol/l • •Lactate produced is metabolised by muscles (working and resting), heart and liver • •At low intensity exercise, the lactate metabolism doesn‘t allow to build it up (dynamic balance) • Lactate%5B1%5D •Build-up lactate leads to acidosis causing fatigue – lowering load intensity, eventually stopping it • •Break of lactate dynamic balance occurs approximately at anaerobic threshold (4 mmol/l) • •By training, lactate threshold can be shifted towards higher intensity workout (metabolic efficacy) Obr22 OBLA = onset of blood lactate accumulation •„Speech threshold“ • •Estimates anaerobic threshold • •Increased ventilation disables continuous speech • Test du parler – Croteau et al. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 6 – No exertion at all 7 – Extremely light 8 9 – Very light 10 11 – Light 12 13 – Somewhat hard 14 15 – Hard 16 17 – Very hard 18 19 – Extremely hard 20 – Maximal exertion Max Heart Rate VO2 max Lactate RPE Classification of Threshold Intensity < 35 % < 30 % < 40 % < 10 Very light 35–59 % 30–49 % 40–65 % 10–11 Light 60–79 % 50–74 % 65–83 % 12–13 Moderate 80–89 % 75–84 % 83–99 % 14–16 Heavy ≥ 90% ≤ 85 % 100 % > 16 Very heavy Runner HRmax VO2max/kg Speed at VO2max VO2/kg at anaerobic threshold % of VO2max/kg at anaerobic threshold RERmax CO2/O2 (BPM) (ml·kg-1·m-1) (km·h-1) (ml·kg-1·m-1) 1 198 64.0 23 51.9 81 1.33 2 177 61.8 22 54.2 88 1.13 3 193 70.4 23 56.8 81 1.12 4 202 75.2 23 60.4 80 1.12 5 197 56.7 19 45.9 81 – •RER (RQ) over 1.00 means exclusive glycogen supplies consumption RER = respiratory exchange ratio •Anaerobic threshold assessment test • •Heart rate is dependent on load intensity • •During increasing load, from 120 bpm increase linearly • •At anaerobic threshold intensity, the linearity of the HR curve is deflected • •In acid environment of working muscles the oxygen extraction from blood improves • • Conconi test •Test aims to assess load intensity of deflection point • •Speed increse after 200 m of 0.5–1 km/h • D:\Alternate Chapter Clipart\Chapter 15\Womanrunner.tiff 180903 Anaerobic threshold (Conconi) Running speed Runner's endurance Threshold speed Recreational runner Very low below 9 km/h Low 9–12 km/h Good 12–14 km/h Very good above 14 km/h Endurance runner 16 km/h and above Professional endurance runner above 20 km/h