Neuro Control of the Movement Ana Carolina Paludo Ana Carolina Paludo Physiology of Sport and Exercise carolina.paludo@fsps.muni.cz Learning Objectives The basic structures of the nervous system Motor control pathway Example of study in neuroscience and sport Information Processing Model Brain similar to a computer in the information process The neuron Smaller morphofunctional unit of the NS Denditres Information transport Axon Cell body Axon terminal one hundred million neurons ?Synapse Point of connection and communication between neurons Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Periferal Nervous System Nerves and Glanglia 12 pairs of cranial nerves connected with the brain 31 pairs of spinal nerves connected with the spinal cord Periferal Nervous System Autonomic System Control the physiological functions that are unconscious in nature. Sympathetic Stimulate the physiological systems. Activate under the stress. 'Fight-or-flight' Parasympathetic Responsible for the body's constant or resting homeostatic state. Input from internal receptors Output to smooth muscles and glands Periferal Nervous System Somatic System Efferent Neurons Afferent NeuronsMechanoreceptors Thermoreceptors Nociceptors Photoreceptors Chemoreceptors Moviment Allows coordinating actions and responses to the external environment. Conscious control of the movement. Motor Control Cortex Basal Ganglia Cerebellum Motor Pathways Motor Pathways Premotor cortex: planning the movement (complex ) Primary motor cortex: command the execution of the movement Control and adjust of the movements Control and adjust the movements. Movement memory, timing, 'learn with mistakes' Motor Control Motor Neuron Motor Control Motor Reflex Reaction Quickly and an unconscious responses provided by our body to protect from dangerous situations The first response involves the peripheral nerves and the spinal cord. The brain is not aware of the first response. The message will come to the brain for further actions Simple Reflex Conditioning Reflex Motor Control Neural adaptation Continuous practice of neuromuscular trains the reflexes to automatically respond to sensory stimuli Motor Control Professional female basketball players were performing the free-throw shooting task through a more automatic pathway reducing the activity of the explicit memory. Application in sport practice Motor Control Application in sport practice carolina.paludo@fsps.muni.cz Obrigada Complementary: What are Nerve Cells, Neurons & Synapses? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0Zc01e1Frw&list=PLW0gavSzhMlQPcIX1RcT3TgrmRoWYbwLW&index=7 What is a Reflex Arc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nn2RHLWST-k&list=PLW0gavSzhMlQPcIX1RcT3TgrmRoWYbwLW&index=31