Appendix: transcription notation
The form of notation used throughout this book was developed by Gail Jefferson. A more complete description is found in Atkinson and Heritage (1984). ■s    Extended square brackets mark overlap between utterances, e.g.:
A: Right r so you
B:            Lľm not sure
k An equals sign at the end of a speaker's utterance and at the start of the next utterance indicates the absence of a discernable gap, e.g.:
A: Anyway Brian= B:   =Okay, okay
j. Numbers in brackets indicate pauses timed to the nearest'tenth of a second. A full stop in brackets indicates a pause which is noticable but too short to measure, e.g.:
A: I went (3.6) a lot further (.) than I intended
:s One or more colons indicate an extension of the preceding vowel sound, e-g-:
A: Yea::h, I see::
,• Underlining indicates that words are uttered with added emphasis; words in capitals are uttered louder than the surrounding talk, e.g.:
A: It's not right, not right AT ALL
;; A full stop before a word or sound indicates an audible intake of breath,
e-g-:                                                                         ,"~~"                 ............
A: I think .hh I need more
' Round brackets indicate that material in the brackets is either inaudible or there is doubt about its accuracy, e.g.:
A: I (couldn't tell you) that  ■■'
Appendix     J89
Square brackets indicate that some transcript has been deliberately omitted. Material in square brackets is darificatory information, e.g.:
A: Brian [the speaker's brother] said [ ] it's okay