CONTENTS: 1. Introduction: The experience of total wars and world revolutions – Hobsbawm, Eric. 1996. Age of Extremes. London: Vintage. pp. 21-53. 2. Modernity, trust and identity – Berezin, Mabel. 1997. Making the Fascist Self. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 11-38. 3. Recurrent modernization: industrial, political and cultural revolutions – Read, Christopher. ed. 2003. The Stalin Years. London: Palgrave. pp. 23-101 4. The cultural power of naming and political struggle – Bourdieu, Pierre. 1992. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press). pp. 220-251. 5. The establishment of socialist and post-socialist cultural hegemony - Verdery, Katherine. 1996. What Was Socialism and What Comes Next. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp.19 -57 6. Post-socialist nationalism and anti-feminism. - Verdery, Katherine. 1996. What Was Socialism and What Comes Next. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 61-103. 7. Cultural trauma and identity formation - Alexander, Jeffrey. C. 2004. “Toward a theory of cultural trauma.” Pp. 1–30 in: Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8. Cultural Trauma, Heroes and Victims - Giesen, Bernhard. 2004. Triumph and Trauma. Boulder Colo.: Paradigm Publishers. pp. 15-74. 9. The Holocaust and Cultural Trauma - Alexander, Jeffrey. C. 2004. “On the social construction of moral universals: The ‘Holocaust’ from war crime to trauma drama.” Pp.196-263 in: Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10. National minorities and the challenge of re-emerging forms of conflict and solidarity – Brubaker, Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 13-22, 55-76. 11. The sense of historical injustice and the symbolic power of resentment – Brubaker, Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79-147.