8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 1 Klimaticko-energetická strategie EU 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 2 l I. Závazky EU do roku 2020 l II. Debata o cílech do roku 2030 Obsah 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 3 Závěry Evropské rady z jara 2007 cíl snížit v rámci EU celkové emise skleníkových plynů nejméně o 20 % do 2020 vůči 1990 (nezávisle na mezinárodních jednáních) cíl zvýšit podíl energie vyrobené z OZE na 20% do roku 2020 cíl snížit primární spotřebu energie o 20% (oproti default projections pro 2020) 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 4 Klimaticko-energetický balíček (2009) Revize směrnice 2003/87/ES o EU ETS Rozhodnutí o rozdělení úsilí – k dosažení redukčních cílů emisí skleníkových plynů Směrnice o podpoře výroby energie z OZE Směrnice o geologickém ukládání CO2 (CCS) 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 5 EU ETS / non-ETS EU Sharing 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 6 I.1 EU Emission Trading Scheme The largest carbon market in the world Started in January 2005; now EU-28 + Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein Environmental outcome determined: puts a cap on emissions from ~10,000 energy-intensive installations across EU (~2 billion tonnes/yr); covering around 1/2 of EU CO2 emissions Companies can choose: •To emit allocated emission rights (allowances) or •To reduce emissions below allocation and sell or bank or •To emit more than allocation and buy Cost-effective emissions reductions, because investments take place where cheapest 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 7 I.1 EU ETS 2005-2012 CO2 entered boardrooms – clear market signal given for low carbon investments 2005-2007: National Allocated Plans (NAP) – not yet based on verified emissions 2008-2012: Most allowances still allocated based on NAP, but first 4% auctioned 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 8 From 2013: Single EU-wide cap 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 9 EU ETS from 2013 - allocation Predictable emissions reduction trajectory fixed to 2020 and beyond (-21% < 2005 by 2020). No more NAPs. Harmonised allocation rules to ensure an EU-wide level playing field: No distortion of competition Full equal treatment within sectors across EU Auctioning as the general rule, for more than 50% of allowances in 2013 Transitional free allocation up to 2020 (new MS except SI, SK; i.e. CZ): For existing installations only Conditional upon national plan to modernise energy infrastructure, clean technologies, diversification of energy mix Total amount in 2013 maximised at 70% of 2005-2007 verified emissions, gradual decrease to zero in 2020 Specific provisions on ‘carbon leakage’ to maintain competitiveness of EU industry under ‘unilateral’ action 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 10 EU ETS from 2013 - revenues Harmonised 100 EUR penalty for non-compliance In principle, Member States responsible for auctioning (quantities of allowances per MS set out in the Directive) Revenues go directly to Member States! Heads of State committed to use 50% of the revenues to tackle climate change NER300 – 300 million allowances set aside for innovative low carbon technologies 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 11 EU ETS / non-ETS EU Sharing 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 12 I.2 Rozdělení úsilí mezi ČS ~ HDP/ob. 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 13 Non-ETS sectors Most sectors not included in EU ETS, such as transport (except aviation), buildings, agriculture and waste. Emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international shipping are not included. Responsibility of Member States to define and implement national policies and measures to limit emissions. Examples of potential policies and measures include: •a shift from transport based on fossil fuels •promotion of public transport •ambitious energy performance standards for buildings •more efficient heating systems •renewable energy for heating •more efficient farming practices, •or conversion of animal waste to biogas. 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 14 Some EU level measures to help Member States reduce emissions: CO2 emission standards for new cars and vans Measures to improve the energy performance of buildings Eco-design requirements for energy–related products Energy labelling systems to inform consumers; Restrictions on F-gases Implementation of adopted EU environmental policies, e.g. on waste 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 15 Cíle jednotlivých ČS pro 2013-2020 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 16 I.3 Renewable sources accounted for 12.7% of the EU's energy consumption in 2010. 2020 target: 20% 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 17 I.4 Spotřeba energie klesá, ale méně než o 20% 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 18 Závěry Evropské rady z jara 2007 cíl snížit v rámci EU celkové emise skleníkových plynů nejméně o 20 % do 2020 vůči 1990 (nezávisle na mezinárodních jednáních) cíl zvýšit podíl energie vyrobené z OZE na 20% do roku 2020 cíl snížit primární spotřebu energie o 20% (oproti default projections pro 2020) 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 19 II. Strategie do roku 2030? 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 20 Targets (1): general and GHG emissions Which targets can drive energy and climate policies most simply and cost effectively to 2030? at EU, national or sectoral level? legally binding? to recognise interactions between multiple targets GHG: key issue is deciding on the most appropriate level for intermediate target Roadmap indicates 40% reduction in EU is cost effective 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 21 Targets (2): renewables and efficiency is a renewables target necessary to ensure increased renewables shares post 2020? reduced energy import dependence and jobs and growth with or without sub-targets for sectors such as transport, industry and agriculture? impacts on internal market, energy prices, sustainability? possible energy efficiency target: consistency with other targets essential Member States' targets or sector specific targets? what metric to be used? 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 22 Acknowledging differing capacities Member States where investments most needed and beneficial often have less capacity to implement them How to best use EU financial support? 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko ‹#› 8.9.2013 Alexandr Jevsejenko 23