MASARYK UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND EUROPEAN STUDIES
Spring 2020
IRE215: POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN ISRAEL
Religion and State in Israel + The Israeli Defence Forces
This week's presentation is dedicated to two different yet related topics. Upon examination of
religion and state in Israel, the presentation explores the various Jewish communities of Israel
and the political-religious connection. Next, it offers a short review of the relationship between
religious Jews and the state of Israel from a political point of view since before the state was
established. We will then turn to the examination of the ultra-orthodox sector of the Israeli
society and address contemporary challenges faced by the Israeli society concerning religious
and state, social cohesion and social disparities.
The second topic addressed by the presentation is the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF). Starting
with a short historical background, we will focus on the characteristics of the IDF, and its role
in the Israeli society.
After reading the assigned literature and going over the presentation, please answer the
following questions:
1. Characterize the four main Jewish communities of Israel (religious observance+
political orientation). Focus on the ultra-orthodox (family and lifestyle, Haredi politics).
2. What was the agreement made between Zionists and political representatives of the
ultra-Orthodox communities (Agudas Israel) before the establishment of the state
pertaining to Jewish coexistence? Is the agreement easily amendable?
3. Small orthodox and ultra-orthodox parties in Israel are often significant players in
coalition building and party politics, explain.
4. Why did religious parties cause the downfall of the Israeli government in 1976?
5. Is there a separation between religion and state in Israel? Explain using the example of
marriage legality.
6. Explain three contemporary challenges the Israeli society is facing.
7. The Israeli defence forces can be categorized as a citizen militia supplemented by career
officers and active-duty conscripts, explain.
8. What does 'Tal Law' regulate? Why was it necessary (is it important)? What were the
reactions to the law from the various communities in Israel?
9. How does the IDF contribute to nation-building enterprises in Israel?
10. Why can Israel be characterized as an Army Nation?