Academic texts, academic English


(Info about the author), work, reason of writing, aim – abstracts


Structure: Introduction, Main body, Results and Discussion (conclusion)


Introduction: info about the work, its aims, thesis statement – estimation/paragraph division
(outline), academic context, methodology

Write the outline / introduction last:

-          Topic context, thesis statement, aims, methodology and outline/division of the work

-

Main body: analysis, paragraphs = 1 paragraph 1 idea – connector, statement, evidence, discuss,
link---------- elaborate the main argument, statement, idea, prediction

Chapters – intro and outline, conclusion and summary

Chapters – summary of the main concept  and subchapters


Conclusion:

results (summary), conclusion (I got these data and now they tell us this), discussion – questions
for further research


Formal academic English

No idioms, no metaphors (that are unexplained carefully), contractions – it isn’t //// it is not

Never use pronouns I, You, We, They

I – I believe / It leads an opinion, This work believes

You, We, They – more specific, do not include other unknown perspectives

Passive

Introduction, Conclusion – present simple (literary present)

Modal verbs – not much, strong vs weak verbs, synonyms, linkers – coherent, cohesive

Synonyms: studies, examines, analyze, discuss, elaborate, describe, portray, focus on, concentrate
on,

I got a Christmas present – for myself? For my friend? Did I buy it?

I bought for ….

I received

I was gifted

I purchased