person with bookbag staring out over the mountains
INTERNATIONALIZATION


International Cultural Industries
■Internationalization of Cultural Businesses
■Internationalization of Cultural Texts
■The Local is impacted by the Global

Cultural Imperialism/Globalization
■Cultural Imperialism
■How cultures of “less developed” countries have been affected by flows of cultural texts, forms
and technologies associated with “the West”
■Direct domination replaced by indirect domination
–Commercial media model/way of life/logics
–Homogenization, impositions, unidirectional
■Active audiences/evidence (?)
■Globalization
■The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world (economic, political, cultural,
ideological, ecological, sociological)
–Complex, ambiguous, ambivalent
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–Q: To what extent does the increasingly global reach of the largest firms mean an exclusion of
voices from global cultural markets
–Q: How do those outside the “core” gain access and compete with the “core” giants
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USA
■Size and Nature of the Market
■Active Government Promotion
■TV inequality
–Geocultural markets
■Reversing Cultural Flows
–Latin American Corporations
■Digital TV
–Diaspora/cross-cultural engagements/post-national (English?)
–Youtube/digital portals & platforms
–Netflix
–Internet (geoblocking/VPN)
–

Outside the Core
■East Asian Television
–Not “westernization”, but formats
■Arabic TV/Al-Jazeera (“western values”)

Global Cinema
■Hollywood
–Language/marketing
■Bollywood
–Indigenous narrative devices
■Nollywood
– informal media economies
■Hong Kong
–Transnational “Chinese” audiences; quotas/censorship/joint ventures
■US dominance and the integration of aesthetic alternatives

Global Music
■Authenticity vs. Hybridity
■Diverse interpretations of music/products
■International ownership
■Reconfigurations: Europop (Sweden), K-pop, collaborations/remixes (co-production)
– Greek Music
■Internet
–Platform imperialism/divide
–Fragmentation (?)
–

Civic Implications of Internationalization
■Cultural diversity
■Access/dissemination/distribution
■Inequalities in global prestige/economic profit
–The West and the Rest
■Imperialism or Globalization (?)
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■Neither cultural imperialism nor globalization theory is adequate to assess spatial and
geographical changes in the cultural industries across the world