Possible Methods:
•Methods:
•Interpretive Methods:  How do you identify the narrative and its significance?
•In reading an account:  Who are the actors?  Who is the we?  What are the limits to the we? Who is
the other?  What characteristics are given to the ”we” and the “others”? What is the relation
between the we and the others?  Who did what to whom?  What is the reason given for why they did
it?  What value is given to the actions?
•Interpreting significance:  consider the speaker, consider the audience, consider the context:
what is happening, what events are happening at the time, what actions has the speaker done, etc.
•More empirical:  Content analysis---Look at selections of newspaper aticles, speeches, etc over
time.

Example:
•Putin on the Munich Agreement (in response to Polish arguments that Molotov-Ribbentrop Agreement
helped start WWII):
•“in case of the Munich betrayal that, in addition to Hitler and Mussolini, involved British and
French leaders, Czechoslovakia was taken apart with the full approval of the League of Nations. I
would like to point out in this regard that, unlike many other European leaders of that time,
Stalin did not disgrace himself by meeting with Hitler who was known among the Western nations as
quite a reputable politician and was a welcome guest in the European capitals.
•

Review:  When do memory wars occur?
•Opposing or Mutually Exclusive Memories
•Ontological Insecurity
•Rise of Warrior narrative(s)
•Securitization of Memory
•Mnemonic Security Dilemma
•
•

Memory in Russia after Ukraine