Democracy and Political Representation Jiří Baroš 1 Democracy and Political Representation 2 § What is Democracy? § § § Non-governmental Organizations vs. Political Parties Democracy and Political Representation 3 § What is Democracy? § § § Non-governmental Organizations vs. Political Parties What is Democracy? 4 § Ideal vs. Reality § § Classical Conceptions of Democracy § § Two Contemporary Trends What is Democracy? 5 § Ideal vs. Reality § § Classical Conceptions of Democracy § § Two Contemporary Trends Ideal vs. Reality 6 § a love-hate relationship with democracy § § democracy as a political ideal § vs. § § democracy on the ground What is Democracy? 7 § Ideal vs. Reality § § Classical Conceptions of Democracy § § Two Contemporary Trends Classical Conceptions 8 § The Aggregative View § § § Minimalism The Aggregative View 9 § equal-vote majoritarianism: each political actor gets exactly one vote, each vote is given equal weight, and the majority rules. § § § mathematical task of counting up the votes Minimalism 10 § the ideal of anti-tyranny X it is to minimal to capture the ideal of self-governnment among equals (small ruling class, social hierarchy) § § § pluralism X background culture of vast inequalities What is Democracy? 11 § Ideal vs. Reality § § Classical Conceptions of Democracy § § Two Contemporary Trends Two Trends Constitutionalism (POL 574) 12 § Participationism § § § Deliberativism Participationism 13 § a robust conception of citizenship § § equal-vote majoritarianism supplementd by broad social support for democratic aktivity § § little remedy if unequal social standing (due to the prevalence of bigotry, discrimination, and unjust bias in the background culture) Deliberativism I 14 § collective decision-making is responsive to citizen´s reasons § § only reasons that the fellow citizens could adopt as their own = reason is shareable = public reason § § democratic deliberation gives due consideration to the public reasons and examines them Deliberativism II 15 § how to construe a distinction between public and non public reasons? The impossibility of the sociological criterion § § § public reason when it is consistent with the freedom and equality of all citizens. Still, what is freedom and equality? Deliberativism III 16 § Deliberative Democracy requires too many meetings § § Are citizens willing to deliberative publicly? § § Is democracy a Philosophy classroom? § § Unjustly exclusionary communicative norms: It privileges the political view of the advantages social classes. Democracy and Political Representation 17 § What is Democracy? § § § Non-governmental Organizations vs. Political Parties Representative Turn 18 § Constructing the Represented § § Creation of the Images of the People and Their Interests § § Representative Claims § § Non-Governmental Organizations and Social Movements § § Political Parties 19 § Non-Sovereignty § § Indifference towards Democracy § § Output-Oriented Legitimacy (Good Government) § § Constitutional versus Popular Democracy § § Democracy and Political Parties §