Animate Earth earth-atlantic-800 Animate Earth Dr Stephan Harding, Schumacher College. H:\college photos\BUILDING2.jpg Schumacher College, Dartington, UK. The state of the Earth Earth Graphs 2 Drivers of Global Change From: Steffen et. al 2004 population Earth Graphs 1 Metrics of Global Change From: Steffen et. al 2004 CO2 climate species Rockstrom et. al 2009, Nature Planetary Boundaries extinction-birds-mamm-1988 amazon1 deforestation GAIA_COX GAIA2_COX usforest1 usforest2 living planet index _41558812_world_consumpt_203 GenuineProgressIndicator The scientific revolution galileo_sustermans_big “The book of the Universe…is written in the Language of mathematics.” Galilieo. 1564 - 1642 descartes “I have described the Earth and the whole visible Universe in the manner of a machine.” Descartes. 1596 -1650 francis bacon “We should endeavor to establish and extend the power and dominion of the human race itself over the Universe.” Francis Bacon. 1561- 1626 anima mundi Anima Mundi aboriginal tribal 1 tribal 2 tribal 3 hesiod_bm “Gaia, the beautiful, rose up, broad blossomed, she that is the steadfast base of all things. And fair Gaia first bore the starry Heaven, equal to herself, to cover her on all sides and to be a home forever for the blessed Gods.” Hesiod.700 BC jung Intuition Sensing Thinking Feeling C.G. Jung The ‘Jungian Mandala’ jung Intuition Sensing Thinking Feeling C.G. Jung The ‘Jungian Mandala’ (ethics) Deep Ecology HolisticSc-Cycle wolf Gila Wilderness Gila Wilderness Aldo_sitting Aldo Leopold, 1887-1948 “A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community, it is wrong when it tends otherwise” Arne-Naes 2 Arne Naess halingskarvet 2008 picture mix 096 Ecosophy A Arne Naess “All life has intrinsic value, irrespective of its value to humans” Arne Naess, Professor Emeritus,Oslo University jung Intuition Sensing Thinking Feeling C.G. Jung The ‘Jungian Mandala’ Holistic-Science Gaia Theory lovelock2 James Lovelock margulis Lynn Margulis The biota The abiotic environment -Rocks -Atmosphere -Water The mainstream view in the 1960’s: P1030712 solar system atmospheres fluxes The biota The abiotic environment -Rocks -Atmosphere - Water GAIA Emergent Self-Regulation According to Gaia Theory: Hermeneutics: The art, theory and practice of interpretation of texts and other ‘signs’ sss “.. the expression of life shapes the context within which life understands itself (e.g. the atmosphere), thus leading to new interpretations and to new meaningful expressions (metabolic novelty) – the hermeneutic circle lives as Gaia.” Paraphrased from Adam Croft. MSc Holistic Science dissertation, 2007. The evidence for Gaia ChangesSurfaceTem-1998 IceCores1 GAIA2_COX Extintions Gaia in action Cybernetics was defined by Norbert Wiener, in his book of that title (1948), as the study of control and communication in the animal and the machine. Cybernetics A B A B Direct coupling Inverse coupling Basic Cybernetics Hunger Food Consumption Paranoia Distorted perceptions Negative (self-limiting) feedback - Positive (self-amplifying) feedback + Negative and Positive Feedback CaCO3 cocco8 calcite_ocean_March03 calcite_ocean_palette Coccolithophore calcite production, March 2003 Julia-longtem-C-cycle granite 2 landweathering granite1 Julia-longtem-C-cycle coccolithophorids2 Coccolithophorids diatoms cd08-img0041 reservoirs-1997-c Julia-longtem-C-cycle subduction diatom carbon-dioxide granite A B A B Direct coupling Inverse coupling Basic Cybernetics Volcanic eruptions Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere Rainfall Biologically assisted silicate rock weathering - Gaia’s Temperature ChangesSurfaceTem-1998 1 – Proterozoic granitoids; 2 – Devonian to Lower Carboniferous limestones; 3 – Lower Carboniferous shales, greywackes and conglomerates; 4 – surface reaches of streams; 5 – subsurface reaches of streams; caves with key sedimentary sections: SC – Sloupsko-sosuvska Cave; HC – Holstejnska Cave; ZC – Zazdena Cave; OC – Ochozska Cave C:\Documents and Settings\Dr. Stephan\My Documents\My Pictures\Gaia Talk\chemic-c-table.jpg daisies Daisyworld albedo-common-surfaces julia-evolutionfclimate-daisyworld dw recipegaiansystem gaiatheorydefinition cocco8 Coccolithophore, with calcite ‘shells’. seawifs_carbon bloom Coccolith_image Julia-DMS-cycle chemistry_of_DMS Cloud seeding DMS Clouds DMS Julia-DMS-cycle bloom1 KELP sea-kelp clouds DMS production Sea surface temperature Coccolithophore blooms Ocean Atmosphere - ? CLAW hypothesis0001.JPG Julia-DMS-cycle Why emit DMS? 1. For the good of Gaia 2. To combat drying out 3. Dispersal http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Images/Cells_Membranes/osmosis.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-2D-skeletal.png DMSP biomes2 Rainforest canopy cercropialf Cercropia spp. stomatae terpenes clouds Caribbean Clouds Sperm Whale 12,000 Sperm Whales in the Southern Ocean fix 240,000 tonnes of C/yr by transferring Fe from the ocean depths to the photic zone via their (liquid) faeces Lavery, T, 2010. Proc. Roy.Soc. B. jung Intuition Sensing Thinking Feeling C.G. Jung The ‘Jungian Mandala’ How do we value nature? C:\Users\Stephan Harding\Pictures\2008 picture mix\2008 picture mix 202.jpg GlobalValueEcosystems shawolle-vs-deepe The new Ecuadorian Constitution •"Nature or Pachamama, where life is reproduced and exists, has the right to exist, persist, maintain and regenerate its vital cycles, structure, functions and its processes in evolution. Every person, people, community or nationality, will be able to demand the recognitions of rights for nature before the public bodies." The Deep Ecology Platform 1. The well-being and flourishing of human and nonhuman life onEarth have value in themselves (synonyms: inherent worth, intrinsic value, inherent value). These values are independent of the usefulness of the nonhuman world for human purposes. 2. Richness and diversity of life-forms contribute to the realization of these values and are also values in themselves. 3. Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs. 4. Present human interference with the nonhuman world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening. 5. The flourishing of human life and cultures is compatible with a substantial decrease of the human population. The flourishing of nonhuman life requires such a decrease. 6. Policies must therefore be changed. The changes in policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures. The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present. 7. The ideological change is mainly that of appreciating life quality (dwelling in situations of inherent worth) rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living. There will be a profound awareness of the difference between big and great. 8. Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to participate in the attempt to implement the necessary changes. ecosophical tree2 anima mundi stephan2 ver5revised monthlyCO2 thermohaline CDIAC_glob_c_cycle chemic-c-table beforeholisticsc landweathering subduction volcanoes GAIA3_COX “A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community, it is wrong when it tends otherwise” - Aldo Leopold “We humans are plain members of the biotic community” Holistic-Science Ecosophy T0001 stephan1 Example: Tumour Growth Cell population Cell births Nutrients per cell Nutrient supply Cell deaths Metabolic wastes In the environment Waste removal capacity + - -