ZUR 393k: Effects of Mass Media boyd,“Identity” from It’s Complicated Rudder,“Death by a Thousand Mehs” and “The Beauty Myth in Apotheosis” Vaidhyanathan,“The Googlization of Us” 1. Performing Identity / Forms of Capital / Free Labor 2. Facebook & Other Social Media 3. Google & Big Data Outline: Erving Goffman performing identity • theater analogy • “dramaturgy” • stage • props • costumes 1959 forms of capital Pierre Bourdieu • economic capital ($) • social capital (friends and acquaintances) • cultural capital (level of education,“taste”) • symbolic capital (distinction, prestige) “networked community” (Castells) “networked public” (boyd) 1. the space constructed through networked technologies 2. the imagined community that emerges as a result of the intersection of people, technology, and practice” (boyd, 8) “networked community” (Castells) “networked public” (boyd) Tiziana Terranova, “Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy” SocialText 63 (Summer 2000): 33-58 2004 free labor • voluntarily given and unwaged • enjoyed and exploited free labor • involves range of activities from building Web sites, modifying software packages, reading and participating in mailing lists, and building virtual spaces on MUDs and MOOs (2000) “social factory” • a phenomenon in which “work processes have shifted from the factory to society, thereby setting in motion a truly complex machine” (33). post-2000 http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2015/02/the-state-of-global-connectivity/ http://blog.loginradius.com/2014/10/social-login-sharing-statistics-2014-q3/ affordances • properties or characteristics of an environment that make possible — or encourage — certain types of practices 4 affordances of networked publics • persistence • visibility • spreadability • searchability https:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=bRNQglXNIXc http://prafulla.net/interesting-contents/social-networks/half-of-the-worlds-online-population-uses- facebook-infographic-chart/ http://mediame.com/en/news/report/ socialbakers_infographic_reveals_global_facebook_penetration_rates http:// blogs.imedia connection. com/blog/ 2014/12/15/ mau-and- engagement- statistics-of- instagram- twitter-and- facebook/ http:// www.china socialgame s.com/? p=372 http://www.seeisee.com/sam/2013/04/02/p3682 http://www.etailvelocity.com/2013/03/getting-started-with-social-media/ http:// www.etailvelocity. com/2013/03/ getting-started- with-social-media/ https://wiki-land.wikispaces.com/Facebook+Applications http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-stats-2014_b54243 http://sproutsocial.com/insights/instagram-vs-facebook/ http:// www.business2community .com/social-media/the-12- social-media- personalities- infographic-0473343 http:// www.business2community. com/social-media/the-12- social-media-personalities- infographic-0473343 http://socialnetworking.procon.org/ http://www.t3.com/news/obama-s-four-more- years-tweet-breaks-retweet-record#null http:// www.theguardian.com /film/2014/mar/03/ ellen-degeneres-selfie- retweet-obama http://newsroom.fb.com/Key-Facts http://newsroom.fb.com/Key-Facts http:// newsroom.fb.com /Photos-and-B- Roll/4416/ Facebook-39-s- Growth-In-The- Past-Year http:// www.nytimes.com/ 2014/10/29/ technology/facebook- strong-q3- earnings.html https://www.facebook.com/help/325807937506242/ http://money.cnn.com/ 2013/10/11/technology/ social/facebook-search- privacy/ http:// www.foxnews.com/ tech/2013/10/17/ facebook-loosens- privacy- restrictions-for- minors-amid-cyber- bullying-concerns/ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/21/ facebook-terms-condition_n_5551965.html http:// www.nbcne ws.com/ technology/ more- friends- facebook- data-can- reveal-your- significant- other-8C11 491330 http:// www.newser.com /story/176752/ facebook-knows- who-youre- dating-heres- how.html https:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=nZ40eL_cH-k http://www.businessinsider.com/teens-are-officially-leaving-facebook-2013-10 . http:// youtube- global.blog spot.com/ http://www.aztekweb.com/blog/post/Should-You-Create-a-Branded-YouTube-Channel-For-Your-Business.aspx screens • Mark Crispin Miller on Orwell’s 1984: • “In Oceania, as in America, the telescreens are always on, and everyone is always watching them” (323). http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2014-05-24/how- americans-spend-their-time-online Panopticon "a new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a quantity hitherto without example." Bentham, Jeremy. Panopticon (Preface). In Miran Bozovic (ed.), The PanopticonWritings, London: Verso, 1995, 29-95. Elevation, section and plan of Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon, drawn by Willey Reveley, 1791. Panopticon as metaphor Michel Foucault https:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=Z4rBDUJTnNU https:// www.youtube.com /watch?v=- nz8WD6v-Jg 1984 United Technologies ad copy (Harper’s magazine, 1984): “Orwell was wrong about technology. Technology has not enslaved us. It has freed us. Because the chip increases our choices, it ensures individuality.” http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ List_of_mergers_and_a cquisitions_by_Google “Google affects three large areas of human concern and conduct” (Vaidhyanathan 2). • us (personal information, habits, opinions, and judgments) • “the world” (surveillance,“infrastructural imperialism”) • knowledge (use of books, online databases, the Web) Google’s brilliant innovations: 1. search algorithm “precise comprehensiveness” linear pattern of display (Vaidhyanathan 59) synergy between Google and Wikipedia presumption of neutrality presumption of relevance speed “mattered more than anything else in generating a ‘positive user experience’” (53-4) “Users really care about speed. They respond to speed. As the web gets faster, as Google gets faster, people search more.” 2008 Keynote Speech: (Meyer, quoted inVaidhyanathan, 54). Google’s brilliant innovations: 1. search algorithm 2. auction system for placing ads Google’s brilliant innovations: 1. search algorithm 2. auction system for placing ads 3. responsiveness to user needs/desires results: 2014 search in Berkeley, CA results: 2015 search in Brno, CZ “We are not Google’s customers: we are its product” (3). “We--our fancies, fetishes, predilections, and preferences--are what Google sells to advertisers. When we use Google to find out things on the Web, Google uses our web searches to find out things about us” (3). Vaidhyanathan The Googlization of Everything (2011) http://rt.com/news/ 201435-woman- google-street- breasts/ http:// www.businessinsider .com/google-ended- free-organic-search- keyword- data-2013-10 https:// www.seroundtable.com/ google-analytics-10- years-21187.html http://www.zdnet.com/look-at-what-google-and-amazon-are-doing-with-databases-thats-your-future-7000035296/ Big data is an all-encompassing term for any collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using traditional data processing applications. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data big data A visualization of Wikipedia edits created by IBM. At multiple terabytes in size, the text and images of Wikipedia are a classic example of big data. http://www.wired.com/2013/07/putting-a-dollar-value-on-big-data-insights/ http:// www.visualinfor mation.info/tag/ exabyte/ kilo = thousand mega = million giga = billion tera = trillion peta = quadrillion exa = quintillion zetta = sextillion yotta = septillion [octillion] [nonillion] [decillion] http://www.bigdata-startups.com/infographic/ http://www.coolinfographics.com/blog/2009/7/11/how-much-is-a-petabyte.html qualitative research is a method of inquiry that aims to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. http:// en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Qualitative_research http://trunkfulloftreasure.blogspot.com/2013/11/tiny-apartment-hong-kong.html http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/realestate/the-truly-affordable-new-york-apartment.html http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/realestate/the-truly-affordable-new-york-apartment.html http://beersandbeans.com/2011/11/04/living-like-a-local-with-roomorama-prague-edition/ https://www.youtube.com/ watch? v=b1XGPvbWn0A&list=PLbpi6 ZahtOH7h9OULR1AVb4i8zo0ct wEr&index=6 http://www.pollingreport.com/computer.htm http://www.pollingreport.com/computer.htm http://www.pollingreport.com/computer2.htm