Unilateral Control Model
Core Values and Assumptions
Strategies
Consequences
Achieve my goal through unilateral control
Win, don't lose
Minimize expressing negative feelings
Act rational
I understand the situation, those who see it differently do not
I am right, those who disagree are wrong
I have pure motives, those who disagree have questionable motives
My feelings are justified
Advocate my position
Keep my reasoning private
Don't ask others about their reasoning
Ease-in
Save face
Misunderstanding, unproductive conflict and defensiveness
Mistrust
Self-fulfilling, self-sealing processes
Limited learning
Reduced effectiveness
Reduced quality of work life
Source: Adapted, froTn Argyris & Schon, 1974, and Action Design. 1997.
©2002 Roger Schwarz & Associates, Inc. From The Staffed FacitUator: A Comprehensive Resourcefor Consultants, Facilitators. Managers, Thrown, and Coaches, "by Roger Schwarz. Published by Josscy Bas.s. 2QQ2.
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Mutual Learning Model
Core Values and Assumptions
Strategies
Consequenc
Valid information
Free and informed choice
Internal commitment
Compassion
I have some information, others have other information
Test assumptions and inferences
Each of us may see things the others do not i
Differences are ! opportunities for learning 1
People are trying to act with integrity given their situations i
Share all relevant information
Use specific examples and agree on important words
Explain reasoning and intent
Focus on interests not positions
Combine advocacy and inquiry
Jointly design the approach
Discuss undiscussables
Use a decision making rule that generates the commitment needed
H Increased understanding, reduced unproductive conflict and defensiveness
■ Increased trust
■ Reduced self-fulfilling, self-sealing processes
■ Increased learning
■ Increased effectiveness
■ Increased quality of work life
Source: Adapted from Argyris & Schon, 1974, and Action Design. 1997.
©2002 Roger Schwarz & Associates., Inc. From The Skrtfed Facilitator: A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers. TYainers. ami Coache.\\ by Ro&er Schwan. Published by Josscy Bats. 20O2.