Energy efficiency
Filip Černoch
cernoch@mail.muni.cz
Energy policy of the EU
Environmental (climate) dimension of EEP
• Climate change – EU aims to develop a low-carbon economy.
• Measures primarily to reduce GHG emissions
• EU ETS – covers 40% of EU emissions.
• individual targets of MS for the non-EU ETS sectors (housing,
agriculture, transport, waste) – cover 60% of EU emissions.
• CCS.
• Measures to transform the energy sectors
• RES
• Energy Efficiency
• Research and development, new technologies.
Energy efficiency
Energy and climate package 2009 (2020 targets): an energy
consumption is to be cut by 20% by 2020 relative to the BAU
scenario, (only) non-binding target (cap of 1483 Mtoe in 2020).
• Restriction on consumption of energy + increased energy
efficiency.
• The only one that the EU is struggling to meet (18-19% by
2020).
• Energy efficiency.
• Energy savings.
• Why to invest in EE?
Energy efficiency instruments
• EU instruments:
• Products (energy labeling, eco-design).
• Transport (measures to cut vehicle and air transportation
emissions).
• Buildings (40% of all energy in the EU is consumed in
building. Energy performance standards on new- esp. public
- building).
• Public procurement (energy efficiency a criteria when govts
buy goods and services).
• National instruments:
• National plans with national measures.
Impacts in 2020 of EE
measures under the
Ecodesign Directive
Energy efficiency in the EU
• Limited achievements only due to:
• Relatively cheap energy (IEM).
• Limited impact of (sometimes expensive) measures.
• Rebound effect.
• EE not interesting politically (Brussels more important than
national governments here).
Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EC
• Developed to reach 20% target savings.
• Binding measures, not bindig targets.
• MS are required to:
• Evaluate the situation in national heating and coolings
systems, suggest some cost-effective measures to improve
them (every 5 years).
• The same for gas and elektricity infrastructure.
• Oblige energy providers to achieve cumulative end-use
energy savings by 2020 equivalent to 1,5% of annual energy
sales over the period of 2014-2020.
Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EC
• Introduce the metering and billing of actual energy
consumption in all sectors.
• Prepare public procurement rules ensuring that central
governments purchase only high-efficiency products.
• Large industry enterprises to carry out an energy audits at least
every four years. Audits for SME must be promoted by
governments.
• Increasing attention given to appliances.
• Buildings – new buildings and buildings under renovation to be
„nearly zero energy“ by the end of 2020. To improve the energy
performance of 3% of the total floor area of heated and/or
cooled buildings owned and occupied by the central
government every year.
EU – final energy consumption
Energy intensity in the EU and in selected IEA
MS
Latest development in emission targets
• 2020 aims (Energy and climate package, 2009)
• reduce greenhouse gases by at least 20%
• increase the share of renewable energy in the EU's energy
mix to at least 20% of consumption
• improve energy efficiency by at least 20%
• 2030 aims (Climate and energy framework, 2014)
• At least 40% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990
levels). EU ETS to cut emissions by 43% (compared to
2005); Non EU ETS sector to cut emissions by 30
(compared to 2005). National targets range from 0% - 40%.
• At least 27% share for renewable energy (updated to 32%).
• At least 27% improvement in energy efficiency (updated to
32.5%).
Sources
• IEA (2014): Energy Policies of IEA Countries – The European
Union
• Yeo, S.(2017): EU energy package: What it means for coal,
renewables and efficiency