Authoritarianism's Last Line of Defense Andreas Schedler Journal of Democracy, Volume 21, Number 1, January 2010, pp. 69-80 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/jod.0.0137 For additional information about this article Access Provided by Arizona State University at 01/12/11 6:34AM GMT http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v021/21.1.schedler.html O Menus of Institutional Manipulation Institutional Ambiguity The Politics of the Possible Contemporary electoral autocracies have given up the longstanding battle against the establishment of representative institutions. They have shifted their authoritarian energies from repressing formally democratic institutions to manipulating them.