Exercise portfolio: Past tenses Luke (never/be) abroad. A plumber (come) to our house yesterday. The students (finish) their exams. They're very happy. The plumber yesterday (want) to repair our washing machine that (break) a few days before. The baby's face is really dirty. What (he/eat)? Before he (ring) at my door yesterday, he (look) for a parking space for about ten minutes. (you/finish) your homework yet? While the plumber (repair) the washing machine yesterday, I (watch) the news. I (wait) three hours already! Yesterday, while I (listen) carefully to what (happen), someone (knock) at my door. Iona is exhausted these days. She (work) too hard recently. Ing vs infinitive I couldn't help (laugh) . It seems (be) raining. I considered (move) to Spain. They practised (speak). Finally I managed (finish) the work. I really can't stand (wait) for the bus. Unfortunately, we can't afford (buy) a new car this year. 18) She risked (be) late. 19) I'd love (come) with you. 20) I prepared (go) on holiday. Modals 1 Nobody knows exactly why he died. But we think it been an accident. 2I revised more for the exam. I was lazy, and now I'll fail! 3 Sarah looked very happy. She passed her driving test. 4 I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You told me! 5 I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He taken the wrong train. 6 I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He taken the correct train. 7 You been ill yesterday. Jessie saw you at the bowling alley. 8 I don't know where they went but they gone to Paris or Marseille. 9 You paid more attention. Now we are lost. 10 The window was broken, so the thieves got in through that window. Future forms 1) future simple (She / win the competition? 2) future continuous (She / wait when we arrive) 3) future perfect (By next week I / finish this work) 4) future perfect continuous (I / live here for one year next week) 5) future simple (Who / pass the exam?) 6) future perfect continuous (She / study so she will be tired) 7) future continuous (How / you / get home?) 8) future simple (I / come later) 9) future perfect (She / catch the train by 3pm) 10) future simple (It / rain tomorrow) Conditionals If I had time, I (go) shopping with you. If you (speak) English, you will get along with them perfectly. If they had gone for a walk, they (turn) the lights off. If she (come) to see us, we will go to the zoo. I would have told you, if I (meet) him. Would you mind if I (open) the window? If they (ask) me, I wouldn't have said no. My friend (meet) me at the station if he gets the afternoon off. If I (do) it, nobody would do it. If my father (not pick) me up, I'll take the bus home. Other conditional structures Fill the gap in each sentence with as long as, in case of, in case or unless. 1 I'm taking last year's accounts with me to the tax office they want to look at the figures. 2 I won't mention that he's left someone asks. 3 It'll be worth our while to continue producing large quantities we continue to market and promote the product. Otherwise, we should slow down production. 4 The bank will continue to transfer the interest to your current account instructed otherwise. 5 The organisers of the event have made arrangements for indoor as well as outdoor activities rain. 6 you hear otherwise, assume there'll be sixteen of us coming to the conference. 7 We're prepared to go ahead with it it doesn't jeopardise our positions. 8 We've installed an alarm link with the local police station burglary. 9 It's a bit cloudy. Take an umbrella it rains! 10 a fire in the building, sound the alarm as soon as possible and then leave via the stairs. Passive The words by the teacher today. (to explain - Simple Present) We a letter the day before yesterday. (to send - Simple Past) This car . It's too old. (not/to steal - will-future) This street because of snow. (already/to close - Present Perfect) A new restaurant next week. (to open - will-future) He to the party yesterday. (to invite - Simple Past) The blue box . (can/not/to see - Simple Present) I the book by my friend last Sunday. (to give - Simple Past) The dishes by my little brother. (not/to wash - Present Perfect) I by Robert. (not/to ask - will-future) Reported speech 1) "He works in a bank." She said 2) "We went out last night." She said 3) "I'm coming!" He said 4) "I was waiting for the bus when he arrived." She said 5) "I'd never been there before." He said 6) "What are you going to do at the weekend?" He asked 7) "Where will you live after graduation?" She asked 8) "What were you doing when I saw you?" He asked 9) "How was the journey?" She asked 10) "Do your homework!" He told us 11) "Don't smoke!" He told us Have sth Done Builders checked our roof after the storm. We after the storm. (our roof / check) Some bricklayers are building a wall for our neighbours. Our neighbours are . (a wall / build) My brother is going to the dentist next week. The dentist is going to pull my brother’s tooth out. My brother is next week. (his tooth / pull out) An electrician installed a burglar alarm for us in October. We in October. (an alarm / install) The doctors removed David’s tonsils when he was eleven. David when he was eleven. (his tonsils / remove) Participle clauses (treat) with care,our pottery will last for generations. (spend) his childhood in Denmark, he could speak Danish perfectly well. (persuade) by their optimism, he invested a lot in the company. (wait) for her for ours, he lost his patience. (wash) at the right temperature, the cardigan will never shrink. (unemploy) for so long, he had lost all hope. Linkers and relative pronouns Use either: whereas, otherwise, in addition, although, likewise, in fact, however, consequently, unless, despite, nevertheless 1. He jumped in the water to save the young girl, _______________ being unable to swim himself. 2. Someone once joked that dogs think you're family, _______________ cats think you're staff. 3. We didn't go anywhere exotic for our holiday. _______________, we had a simply wonderful time. 4. The rent is a little high; _______________, it's a very nice house. 5. She kept the old photos for sentimental reasons __________ she knew she would never see him again. 6. I'm not at all brave; __________, I'm a total chicken. 7. We cannot really reduce the destruction of our environment __________ we change our philosophy of consumerism in this society. 8. Recent polls show that most Canadians oppose censorship of the Internet. __________ the government is happy to ignore the issue of pornographic websites. 9. Koalas and humans are the only animals with unique fingerprints and, __________, koala prints cannot be distinguished from human fingerprints. 10. You need to come to class on time. __________, you need to work harder on your homework. 11. Your mark in History is somewhat low. __________, your Chemistry mark is excellent. 12. Studies show that if you are right-handed; your right fingernails will grow faster; __________ the fingernails on the left hand of a left-handed person.