·      Marshall plan and economic recovery; OEEC and liberalisation of trade; plans of British federalists and Manifesto di Ventotene; Hague congress of European federalists 1948; Brussels Pact; Council of Europe and the issue of human rights; Schuman´s Plan.

·      Coal and Steel Community – establishment, goals, institutions and economic impact; European Defence Community and its failure; Western European Union; European Payments Union; Messina Conference; Monnet´s Action Committee; EFTA; The Treaties of Rome: Euratom, EEC, their goals and institutions.

·      Motives of de Gaulle´s European policies; establishment and main principles of CAP; Fouchet´s Plan of Union of States; British first application and its rejection; French-German treaty from 1963; empty chairs policy; Luxembourg Compromise.

·      Hague Conference 1969; Werner Report; 1973 enlargement and its context; snake within the tunnel and issues of monetary unification in the 1970s; Tindemans Report; European Monetary System; constitutionalisation of the EEC through the ECJ judgements; first direct elections to the EP in 1979.