Manipulative Techniques of Propaganda CDSn4104 27 October, 2021 Miloš Gregor > look back to the previous lecture(s) Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcS mqreaor@fss.muni.cz origin and development of the term 'propaganda' ► 1622: Pope Gregory XV established the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fidel (Sacred Congregation for Propagation of the Faith) ► The term not widespread until the beginning of 20th century origin and development of the term 'propaganda' ► neutral, positive, or negative connotation? n English, propaganda was originally a neutral term for the dissemination of information in favor of any given cause. THE SUBTLE CONSPIRATOR Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz origin and development of the term 'propaganda' >change during the 20th century Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda & war governments seek to persuade citizens propaganda against the enemy's population disinformation used to distract people from the truth and create new reality Nazi Germany: Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda Anti Communist Propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz beside the war Why Do Atheists Hate America? www.lnGodWeTrustUSA.org THE INSANITY WANTED BABY 0F "CHOICE" UNWANTED BABY v* ■ www alamy com - E7HKMG Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda used to be divided into three types Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz is propaganda still the same? partly yes. ... but it has changed in some ways ► boom of disinformation media outlets ► paid internet trolls ► direct influence on political parties (financial) ► establishing cultural/ religious organizations Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz today's lecture ►differences between propaganda and political marketing ►components of propaganda ► manipulative techniques Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz part one propaganda vs. political marketing Milos Gregor F2 AnselmoCZ iZi mareaor@fss,muni,cz 1 propaganda vs. political marketing propaganda political marketing replace education commercialized approach tries to convince no matter what refers to consumer approach (usually) in authoritarian regimes X or|ly 'n democracy true purpose is hidden everyone knows the message you do not know it when you face it you know it when you face it secret public Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing spinning & spin-doctoring? Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing ►term spin-doctor was created in the U.S. in 1980's ►management of how political messages are going to be interpreted ►to 'spin' = to give the policy, personality or event a favorable gloss ►sinister connotation (manipulator, propagandist, conspirator) (for more info: McNair 2000, 2005; Maloney 2000) Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ffl mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing ►unscientific neologism coined by journalists ►neither scientific concept nor the self-labeling of a branch ►demonization of spin as a journalistic counterstrategy "HIS DESTRUCTIVE CYCLONCS MAKE ANY SCANDAL OLD HEWS Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Dustin HOFFMAN Robert DE NIRO A MoUvwocid pcodtKtt h Washington \pin tKntor Wtvn tho £vt lOgetfo iho can mat* \ou M»ot amthin*. part two: components of propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz how does propaganda work ►modern propaganda draws upon techniques and strategies used in advertising ►simplifies ►always biased ►geared to achieving a particular end ►emploies symbols ►employed by governmental and private organizations THE REDDLUTIDM IE klDUJ! *** vy>r w- M • < ■ír -ŕr * * VOTE RED * Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz how does propaganda work ►weapon in the arsenal of mass persuasion & information warfare ► replace education, but ... ! ►danger when competing voices are silenced Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ components of propaganda - rhetoric ► rhetoric is emotional persuasion ►form of reasoning ► pseudo arguments ITOlO Of M©S? ►undergoing revival ►metaphor Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz components of propaganda - symbolism ► importance of the myth ►a story with key values ►myth, nation, race and martyrdom ►symbol - first emotional value ►cheap form of propaganda ►do not underestimate symbols ►attractive to people with lesser capacity of abstract thought Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz components of propaganda - symbolism Symbols are not universally decoded. components of propaganda - symbolism components of propaganda - symbolism efficient propaganda ►visual receptors ►emotional connections ►short clear message ► image is always stronger WANTED! FOR MURDER Her careless talk costs lives _ ..........- Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda UNITED we are stronger, UNITED we will win Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcS mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda efficient propaganda Syria Deeply spoke to Syrians as refugees flee the ongoing civil war in droves with the hope of gaining asylum in Europe. Often paying smugglers their life savings, the refugees risk their lives along the way. Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda key foundations of propaganda ►emotions ► ideology ►values ►hyperbole Miloš Gregor 3 AnselmoCZ part three: manipulative techniques Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 1. assertion 2. bandwagon 3. blaming 4. fabrication 5. false dilemma, lesser of two evils 6. labelling / name calling 7. fear appeal 8. card stacking 9. transfer 10. plain folk Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 1. assertion ►simplest form of propaganda ►simply stating a debatable idea as a fact ►no explanation or justification examples: The Middle East will never be at peace. A record number of hurricanes have been caused by global warming this year (S THIS TOMORROW II V \ / AMERICA UNDER COMMUNISM! Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 2. bandwagon ► people like to belong to a group ►especially to a successful & popular group examples: Five million members and growing< Everybody's doing it! Das ganze Volk Sftffřam10.^pril Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 3. blaming ► people don't want to be responsible ► better to say someone else is cause example: Migrant crisis started when Merkel invited all illegal immigrants. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 4. fabrication ►fiction, tabulation ► lies people tend to believe ►mainstream media lie to you, we are telling truth example: There are weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. THAT'S A JFACT Think of the children. Join Team Demoman TODAV, and make those monsters PAY. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 5. false dilemma / lesser of two evils ► black'n'white thinking, false dichotomy, false choice, etc. ► reducing a complex of argument ►only one point is appropriate ►a simple matter of either / or example: Join a Car-Sharing Club TODAY \ You are either an ally or an enemy. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 5. false dilemma / lesser of two evils ► black'n'white thinking, false dichotomy, false choice, etc. ► reducing a complex of argument ►only one point is appropriate ►a simple matter of either / or Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 6. labelling / name calling ►negative words to disparage an enemy ►used to replace of logical arguments ►appealing to emotions ► personal level example: Clearly, my opponent's bleeding-heart liberalism will not help to solve the current crisis. Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ES mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 7. fear appeal ►attempts to create support for an idea ► prejudice ►disaster element examples: Those who do not participate will burn in hell. Big brother is watching you! Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ES mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 8. card stacking ►author's opinion ► problem especially in news ►unfair advantage to one point of view example: Our program to solve the economic crisis is much more effective than the opponents' ones. AVonderful Opportunity ForVOXJ United States Navy Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 9. transfer ►association, false connection ►transfer of feeling and association examples: ČOURSč I CAN í Iin patriotic 23 can be— And ration points won't vrony me!" A candidate for office addresses allegations of wrongdoing in front of a house of worship while wearing a religious symbol on his lapel pin. A dove signals peace. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 9. transfer ►association, false connection ►transfer of feeling and association examples: A candidate for office addresses allegations of wrongdoing in front of a house of worship while wearing a religious symbol on his lapel pin. A dove signals peace. IWi FOR U.S.ARMY NEAREST RECRUITING STATION Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 10. plain folk ► regular people's values (family, patriotism, etc.) ► insider view ►words such as home, children, dinner table Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques Thank you. E3 mgnegortStfss.nriuni.cz Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz