International and European Sanctions

1 Crises, int. engagement, bargaining theory, and sanctions in diplomacy and negotiation 18. 10. 2021

The crucial question to start with in our understanding of international sanctions (and by the time we progress to design, even more specifically EU sanctions) is the comprehension of bargaining theory, strategic interaction, and the coercive spectrum. 

The literature assigned below points your attention to the first two of these approaches, while the accompanying lecture focuses on the coercive spectrum and the space within which sanctions may be utilized and effectively implemented. 


Robert Art and Patrick Cronin, Coercive Diplomacy, in Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall (eds.), 2007, Leashing the Dogs of War, US Institute of Peace, Washington., pp. 299-319

T. Clifton Morgan (2015) Hearing the Noise: Economic Sanctions Theory and Anomalous Evidence, International Interactions, 41:4, 744-754, DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2015.1037710


Furthermore, the following texts help us understand where sanctions fall within "complex approaches" in terms of coercion or support for policy. We tend to view sanctions as negative punishment of behavior that is to be altered, yet sanctions often form a support structure to progress negotiation or bargaining - or very importantly - create the space for dialogue. 

The two following texts talk about incentivization and UN experiences with utilizing sanctions (noting of course also the downsides). 

Thomas Biersteker, Rebecca Brubaker, and David Lanz, “UN Sanctions and Mediation: Establishing Evidence to Inform Practice”, United Nations University Centre for Policy Research, 18 February 2019.

EMMANUEL NG. Third-Party Incentive Strategies and Conflict Management in Africa. Air & Space Power Journal: Afrique et Francophonie. 2016;7(1):14-29

Repositories

Here you may find links to relevant data portals for the major sanctions actors. 

EU

UN

USA

Lecture

The lecture comes in two parts and connects the above-mentioned texts providing context for the milieu of international sanctions among many other tools. The second part of the lecture looks at the specific example of Myanmar and proceeds to discuss the strategic interaction with the use of sanctions in negotiation.