Suicide worldwide
in 2019
Global Health Estimates
Suicide worldwide
in 2019
Global Health Estimates
Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates
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ISBN 978-92-4-002665-0 (print version)
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Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
Contents
- iii Suicide
worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
Acknowledgements	 iv
Introduction	 01
Data sources and methods	 02
Reasons for differences from official national estimates	 02
Reasons for changes in suicide estimates compared to  03
previous WHO publications
Global epidemiology of suicide	 04
Regional epidemiology of suicide	 09
Changes in suicide rates over time	 11
Data quality							 12
Conclusions							 13
References  13
Annex							 14
- iv -
Acknowledgements
Guidance and oversight
Dévora Kestel, Mark von Ommeren (WHO
Department of Mental Health and Substance Use)
Project coordination, writing and editing
Alexandra Fleischmann (WHO Department of Mental
Health and Substance Use), Elise Paul (University
College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland)
Global Health Estimates and maps
Bochen Cao, Jessica Ho, Wahyu Retno Mahanani
(WHO Department of Data and Analytics); Doris
Ma Fat, Zoe Brillantes, Kathleen Krupinski (WHO
Department of Surveys, CRVS, and Health Service
Data)
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 1 -
Introduction
Suicide is a serious global public health issue.
Globally, 703 000 people die by suicide every year.
Suicide is among the leading causes of death
worldwide, with more deaths due to suicide than
to malaria, HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, or war and
homicide. More than one in every 100 deaths
(1.3%) in 2019 were the result of suicide.
The reduction of suicide mortality has been
prioritized by the World Health Organization (WHO)
as a global target and included as an indicator in
the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) under target 3.4, as well as in WHO’s 13th
General Programme of Work 2019–20231
and in the
WHO Mental Health Action Plan 2013–20202
which
has been extended to 2030. A comprehensive
and coordinated response to suicide prevention is
critical to ensure that the tragedy of suicide does
not continue to cost lives and affect many millions
through the loss of loved ones or suicide attempts.
The timely registration and regular monitoring of
suicide form the backbone of effective national
suicide prevention strategies (WHO, 2014). In order
to identify specific groups at risk for suicide, it is
important for countries to use disaggregated rates
at least by sex, age and method. Doing so provides
essential information for understanding the scope
of the problem so that interventions can be tailored
to meet the needs of specific populations and can
be adjusted to trends.
UN SDG Target 3.4
By 2030, reduce by one
third premature mortality from
non-communicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and
promote mental health and well-being
Indicator 3.4.2.
Suicide mortality rate
Box 1.
1
See: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/324775/WHO-PRP-18.1-eng.pdf (accessed 9 March 2021).
2
See: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506021 (accessed 9 March 2021).
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 2 This
booklet presents the most recent available
suicide mortality estimates from the WHO Global
Health Estimates for 2000-2019 (WHO, 2020)3
. To
facilitate comparisons across countries, rates are
age-standardized according to the WHO World
Standard Population, which assumes one standard
age distribution of the population in all countries.
Data are presented at the global and regional levels
by age and sex, as well as over time. Countryspecific
estimates are provided in the Annex.
Details of the methods, data sources and analyses
can be found on the WHO Global Health Estimates
website.4
Estimates were calculated using mortality
data reported by countries to the WHO Mortality
Database5
as key input data. For countries without
comprehensive death registration data or other
nationally representative sources of information on
suicide, WHO has drawn on the Global Burden of
Disease 2019 study (GBD2019) modelling by the
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).
Estimates were made for 183 WHO Member States
with populations greater than 90 000.
These Global Health Estimates represent WHO’s
best estimates, based on the evidence available
up until November 2020, rather than the official
estimates of Member States, and have not
necessarily been endorsed by Member States.
They have been computed using standard
categories, definitions and methods to ensure
cross-national comparability and may not be the
same as official national estimates produced using
alternative, potentially equally rigorous, methods.
The process involved extraction of codes X60–
X84 and Y870 for suicide from the WHO Mortality
Database, redistribution of deaths of unknown
sex/age and deaths assigned to ill-defined codes,
interpolation/extrapolation of number of deaths for
missing years, scaling of total deaths by age and
sex to WHO all-cause envelopes for 2000–2019,
and use of population estimates from the UN
Population Division.
3
See: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death
(accessed 9 March 2021).
4
See: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.
pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5 (accessed 9 March 2021).
5
See: https://www.who.int/data/data-collection-tools/who-mortality-database (accessed 9 March 2021).
Data sources and
methods
Reasons for differences
from official national
estimates
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 3 As
with previous revisions of WHO Global Health
Estimates, the entire time series from the year
2000 were revised, including for suicide. Because
the estimates for the years 2000–2019 draw on
new data and on the results of the GBD2019
study, and because there have been substantial
revisions to the methods used, these estimates
are not comparable with previous estimates for
2000–2016 or with earlier revisions published by
WHO. Therefore, suicide estimates in this booklet
supersede suicide estimates previously published
by WHO, and differences between published
revisions should not be interpreted as time trends.6
Rather, to identify time trends in WHO Global
Health Estimates, including suicide, one should
look at the latest published revision of WHO Global
Health Estimates (Figure 10).
6
See section 11.1 of WHO methods and data sources for country-level causes of death 2000–2019: https://www.who.int/
data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death (accessed 9 March 2021).
Reasons for changes
in suicide estimates
compared to previous
WHO publications
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 4 In
2019, an estimated 703 000 people died by suicide.
The global age-standardized suicide rate was 9.0 per 100 000 population for 2019. Rates varied between
countries from fewer than two deaths by suicide per 100 000 to over 80 per 100 000 (Figure 1).
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Figure 1. Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population), both sexes, 2019
Global epidemiology of
suicide
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 5 Source:
WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
The global age-standardized suicide rate was higher in males (12.6 per 100 000) than in females (5.4 per
100 000) (Figures 2 and 3). While for females, the highest rates in countries were above 10 per 100 000
(Figure 2), for males they were above 45 per 100 000 (Figure 3).
Figure 2. Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population), females, 2019
Figure 3. Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population), males, 2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 6 Globally,
the age-standardized suicide rate was 2.3 times higher in males than in females. Male:female
(M:F) suicide ratios greater than 1 indicate that suicide rates are higher in males than in females. While
the ratio was a little over 3 in high-income countries, it was lower in low- and middle-income countries
(low-income countries: 2.9; lower-middle-income countries: 1.8; upper-middle-income countries: 2.6)
(Figure 4).
Figure 4. Male:female ratio of age-standardized suicide rates, 2019
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 7 Figure
5. Global suicides, by age and country income level* (thousands), 2019
Globally, the majority of deaths by suicide occurred in low-and-middle-income countries (77%), where most
of the world’s population live (Figure 5). More than half of global suicides (58%) occurred before the age of
50 years. Most adolescents who died by suicide (88%) were from low- and middle-income countries where
nearly 90% of the world’s adolescents live.
* World Bank income groups, 2020
Age groups (years)
Figure 6. Global top four causes of death, ages 15–29 years, 2019
Suicide was the fourth leading cause of death in young people aged 15–29 years for both sexes, after road
injury, tuberculosis and interpersonal violence (Figure 6). For females and males, respectively, suicide was the
third and fourth leading cause of death in this age group.
Number of deaths
0 300 000250 000200 000150 000100 00050 000
Road injury
Tuberculosis
Road injury
Tuberculosis
Maternal conditions
Interpersonal violence
Interpersonal violence
Suicide
Tuberculosis
Suicide
HIV/AIDS
Suicide
Both sexes Females Males
Totalsuicidedeaths(thousands)
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 8 Figure
7. Global top four causes of death, ages 15–19 years, 2019
Suicide was the fourth leading cause of death in 15–19-year-olds for both sexes, with the number of deaths
relatively similar between females and males in this age group (Figure 7). Suicide was the third leading cause
of death in 15–19-year-old girls (after maternal conditions) and the fourth leading cause of death in males (after
tuberculosis) in this age group.
Number of deaths
0 70 00050 000 60 00040 00030 00020 00010 000
Road injury
Tuberculosis
Road injury
Tuberculosis
Maternal conditions
Interpersonal violence
Interpersonal violence
Suicide
Tuberculosis
Suicide
Road injury
Suicide
Both sexes Females Males
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 9 Figure
8. Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population) by WHO regions, 2019
Differences in age-standardized suicide rates can be seen across WHO regions (Figure 8). Suicide rates in
the African (11.2 per 100 000), European (10.5 per 100 000) and South-East Asia (10.2 per 100 000) regions
were higher than the global average (9.0 per 100 000) in 2019. The lowest suicide rate was in the Eastern
Mediterranean region (6.4 per 100 000).
The South-East Asia region had a much higher female age-standardized suicide rate (8.1 per 100 000)
compared to the global female average (5.4 per 100 000). In males, the regions of Africa (18.0 per 100 000),
the Americas (14.2 per 100 000) and Europe (17.1 per 100 000) all had suicide rates which were higher than
the global male average (12.6 per 100 000).
Regional epidemiology
of suicide
Both sexes Females Males
Age-standardized suicide rate per 100 000 population
0 5 10 15 20
Global
Africa
Americas
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
South-East Asia
Western Pacific
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 10 Figure
9. Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population) by country income
level*, 2019
While most of the world’s suicides occurred in low- and-middle-income countries (77%), high-income
countries have the highest age-standardized suicide rate (10.9 per 100 000). Lower-middle-income
countries had a slightly lower rate (10.1 per 100 000), and low-income and upper-middle-income countries
had lower rates (9.9 per 100 000 and 7.3 per 100 000 respectively) (Figure 9). Females in lower-middleincome
countries had the highest suicide rate (7.1 per 100 000) compared to females in other income level
groupings. Males in high-income countries had the highest rate (16.5 per 100 000) as compared to males
in other income level groupings.
Both sexes Females Males
Age-standardized suicide rate per 100 000 population
* World Bank income groups, 2020
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
0 5 10 15 20
Global
High-income
Upper-middle-income
Lower-middle-income
Low-income
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 11 Figure
10. Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population) over time by WHO
regions, both sexes
In the 20 years between 2000 and 2019, the global age-standardized suicide rate decreased by 36%, with
decreases ranging from 17% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to 47% in the European Region and
49% in the Western Pacific Region (Figure 10). The only increase in age-standardized suicide rates was
in the Region of the Americas, reaching 17% in the same time-period. The global rate also decreased for
age-group specific rates.
With regard to the SDGs, a global acceleration of the decrease in the suicide mortality rate is needed to
reach the global target of a one-third reduction by 2030 that countries have committed to.
Changes in suicide
rates over time
Age-standardizedsuicideratesper100000population
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2019
Africa Americas Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
Global
South-East Asia Western Pacific
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates 2000-2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 12 Data
quality
Of the 183 WHO Member States for which
estimates were made for 2000-2019, just over 60
had high-quality vital registration data. Modelling
methods were required to generate estimates for
the majority of remaining countries, which were
mostly low- and middle-income.
The type and complexity of models used for
global health estimates vary widely by research/
institutional group and health estimate. More
complex models are necessary to generate more
accurate uncertainty intervals. Where data are
available and of high quality, estimates from
different institutions are usually in agreement.
Discrepancies are more likely to arise for countries
where data quality is low and when data are sparse
and potentially biased. These discrepancies are
best addressed by improving the primary data.
In addition, because it is a stigmatized cause of
death, suicide is often miscoded. The assignment
of the underlying cause of death is limited by
the information provided on death certificates,
and variability in coding practices needs to be
addressed.
Country health information systems, including vital
registration, need to be strengthened as a matter
of priority in order to provide a more solid empirical
basis for monitoring health situation and trends.
Such data are also crucial for Member States’
monitoring of national and subnational trends in
order to respond to the changing needs of their
populations.
To improve the monitoring of suicide, self-harm
and associated factors, health information systems
should focus on strengthening:
•	 death registration through civil registration and
vital statistics systems (CRVS), local health and
demographic studies and other sources;
•	 cause-of-death data collection through vital
registration and verbal autopsy in communities;
•	 regular household health surveys; and
•	 complete facility recording and reporting with
regular quality control.
As the majority of suicides are estimated to occur
in low- and middle-income countries, good-quality
vital registration data are urgently needed in these
settings. Improving the surveillance of suicide
is important in order to inform planning, priority
setting, monitoring and evaluation in countries, and
to assess progress towards global suicide mortality
targets accurately.
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 13 -
Conclusions
References
The suicide mortality data presented in this booklet
underscore the imperative that urgent action is
needed to prevent suicide. Suicide is a global
public health issue. All ages, sexes and regions
of the world are affected. Each item of data here
represents a life that has been lost to suicide; each
loss is one too many.
Overall, the global age-standardized suicide rate is
somewhat in decline, but this is not observed in all
countries. Should the decline continue at its current
rate, global SDG and WHO targets to reduce
suicide mortality by one third by 2030 will not be
met.
Lives will be lost, while suicides are preventable.
The LIVE LIFE implementation guide for suicide
prevention in countries (WHO, 2021) describes four
effective evidence-based interventions to prevent
suicide. These are:
WHO (2021). LIVE LIFE: an implementation guide
for suicide prevention in countries. Geneva: World
Health Organization.
WHO (2020). Global Health Estimates 2019: deaths
by cause, age, sex, by country and by region,
2000–2019. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (2014). Preventing suicide: a global
imperative. Geneva: World Health Organization.
•	 limiting access to the means of suicide, such as
highly hazardous pesticides and firearms;
•	 interacting with the media for responsible
reporting of suicide;
•	 fostering socio-emotional life skills in
adolescents; and
•	 early identification, assessment, management
and follow-up of anyone who is affected by
suicidal behaviours.
Further action, strengthening and acceleration of
ongoing efforts in suicide prevention are crucially
needed to save lives lost to this serious public
health issue.
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 14 WHO
African Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Algeria 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 1072 2.5 2.6
females 390 1.8 1.9
males 682 3.1 3.3
Angola 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 1936 6.1 12.6
females 369 2.3 4.7
males 1567 9.9 21.7
Benin 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 922 7.8 12.7
females 226 3.8 6.1
males 695 11.8 20.3
Botswana 4 AFR UMI
both sexes 370 16.1 20.2
females 76 6.4 7.8
males 294 26.3 35.5
Burkina Faso 4 AFR LI
both sexes 1521 7.5 14.4
females 372 3.7 6.5
males 1148 11.3 24.5
Burundi 4 AFR LI
both sexes 720 6.2 12.1
females 195 3.4 6.3
males 525 9.2 18.9
Cabo Verde 3 AFR LMI
both sexes 71 12.9 15.2
females 12 4.4 5.1
males 59 21.3 27.4
Cameroon 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 2333 9.0 15.9
females 569 4.4 7.6
males 1763 13.6 25.2
1
1 = Multiple years of national death registration data with high completeness and quality of cause-of-death assignment are available.
Estimates for these countries may be compared and time series may be used for priority-setting and policy evaluation. 2 or 3 = Multiple
years of death registration data are available. Data have low completeness and/or issues with cause-of-death assignment which are likely
to affect estimated deaths by cause and time trends. Estimates may be used for priority-setting. Use estimates for programme evaluation
with caution, as improvements in the vital registration system may affect the estimated trends in cause-specific mortality. Comparisons
among countries should be interpreted with caution. 2 denotes moderate quality issues and 3 denotes severe quality issues. 4 = Death
registration data are unavailable or unusable due to quality issues. Estimates of mortality by cause should be interpreted with caution. Estimates
may be used for priority-setting; however, they are not likely to be informative for policy evaluation or comparisons among countries.
See: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalCOD_method_2000-2016.pdf (accessed 9 March 2021).
2
World Bank income groups, 2020. HI = high-income, LI = low-income, LMI = lower-middle-income, UMI = upper-middle-income
Annex
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 15 WHO
African Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Central African Republic 4 AFR LI
both sexes 585 12.3 23.0
females 124 5.2 9.3
males 461 19.6 39.6
Chad
4 AFR LI
both sexes 1027 6.4 13.2
females 264 3.3 6.9
males 763 9.6 20.2
Comoros
4 AFR LMI
both sexes 46 5.4 8.5
females 16 3.8 5.8
males 30 7.0 11.3
Congo
4 AFR LMI
both sexes 349 6.5 11.6
females 93 3.4 6.1
males 256 9.5 18.3
Côte d’Ivoire 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 2288 8.9 15.7
females 361 2.8 5.0
males 1927 14.9 25.7
Democratic Republic of
the Congo
4 AFR LI
both sexes 5812 6.7 12.4
females 1206 2.8 5.0
males 4606 10.6 20.7
Equatorial Guinea 4 AFR UMI
both sexes 107 7.9 13.5
females 36 6.0 8.8
males 71 9.4 18.5
Eritrea 4 AFR LI
both sexes 382 10.9 17.3
females 91 5.2 8.3
males 291 16.6 27.2
Eswatini 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 338 29.4 40.5
females 27 4.7 6.4
males 310 55.1 78.7
Ethiopia 4 AFR LI
both sexes 6030 5.4 9.4
females 1709 3.1 5.2
males 4322 7.7 14.2
Gabon 4 AFR UMI
both sexes 183 8.4 13.1
females 26 2.4 3.8
males 157 14.2 23.3
Gambia 4 AFR LI
both sexes 113 4.8 9.6
females 36 3.0 6.2
males 77 6.6 13.3
Ghana 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 1993 6.6 10.5
females 177 1.2 1.8
males 1816 11.8 20.0
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 16 WHO
African Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Guinea 4 AFR LI
both sexes 892 7.0 12.3
females 325 4.9 8.0
males 567 9.2 18.4
Guinea-Bissau 4 AFR LI
both sexes 134 7.0 12.4
females 38 3.9 6.7
males 96 10.2 19.8
Kenya 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 3214 6.1 11.0
females 843 3.2 5.3
males 2371 9.1 18.1
Lesotho 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 1539 72.4 87.5
females 324 30.1 34.6
males 1215 116.0 146.9
Liberia 4 AFR LI
both sexes 220 4.4 7.4
females 81 3.3 5.5
males 139 5.6 9.4
Madagascar 4 AFR LI
both sexes 1476 5.5 9.2
females 453 3.4 5.4
males 1022 7.6 13.3
Malawi 4 AFR LI
both sexes 1007 5.4 10.6
females 162 1.7 3.3
males 845 9.2 20.0
Mali 4 AFR LI
both sexes 806 4.1 8.0
females 289 2.9 5.7
males 517 5.3 10.5
Mauritania 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 141 3.1 5.5
females 50 2.2 3.9
males 91 4.0 7.4
Mauritius 1 AFR HI
both sexes 120 9.5 8.7
females 18 2.8 2.5
males 102 16.3 15.0
Mozambique 4 AFR LI
both sexes 4144 13.6 23.2
females 897 5.7 8.9
males 3247 22.0 42.6
Namibia 4 AFR UMI
both sexes 243 9.7 13.5
females 41 3.2 4.4
males 202 16.7 24.9
Niger 4 AFR LI
both sexes 1227 5.3 10.1
females 383 3.3 6.4
males 844 7.2 14.1
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 17 WHO
African Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Nigeria 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 7019 3.5 6.9
females 1909 1.9 3.8
males 5110 5.0 10.1
Rwanda 4 AFR LI
both sexes 704 5.6 9.4
females 194 3.0 5.0
males 510 8.2 14.8
Sao Tome and Principe 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 3 1.5 2.2
females 1 0.8 1.2
males 2 2.2 3.3
Senegal 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 978 6.0 11.0
females 250 3.0 5.2
males 728 9.2 18.5
Seychelles 2 AFR HI
both sexes 8 8.1 7.7
females 1 1.4 1.3
males 7 14.4 14.0
Sierra Leone 4 AFR LI
both sexes 521 6.7 11.3
females 198 5.0 8.2
males 324 8.3 14.8
South Africa 2 AFR UMI
both sexes 13774 23.5 23.5
females 2913 9.8 9.8
males 10861 37.6 37.9
South Sudan 4 AFR LI
both sexes 425 3.8 6.7
females 111 2.0 3.4
males 314 5.7 10.4
Togo 4 AFR LI
both sexes 711 8.8 14.8
females 157 3.9 6.5
males 554 13.8 24.0
Uganda 4 AFR LI
both sexes 2033 4.6 10.4
females 378 1.7 3.7
males 1655 7.6 19.4
United Republic of
Tanzania
4 AFR LMI
both sexes 2474 4.3 8.2
females 566 2.0 3.7
males 1908 6.6 13.5
Zambia 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 1303 7.3 14.4
females 241 2.7 5.3
males 1062 12.0 25.7
Zimbabwe 4 AFR LMI
both sexes 2069 14.1 23.6
females 673 8.8 13.5
males 1395 20.0 37.8
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 18 WHO
Region of the Americas
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Antigua and Barbuda 1 AMR HI
both sexes 0 0.4 0.3
females 0 0.8 0.6
males 0 0.0 0.0
Argentina 2 AMR UMI
both sexes 3747 8.4 8.1
females 761 3.3 3.3
males 2986 13.7 13.5
Bahamas 2 AMR HI
both sexes 14 3.5 3.4
females 3 1.3 1.2
males 11 5.9 5.8
Barbados 1 AMR HI
both sexes 2 0.6 0.3
females 0 0.3 0.2
males 1 0.9 0.5
Belize 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 28 7.1 7.7
females 3 1.7 1.8
males 24 12.5 13.6
Bolivia (Plurinational
State of)
4 AMR LMI
both sexes 715 6.2 6.8
females 232 4.0 4.2
males 483 8.4 9.6
Brazil 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 14540 6.9 6.4
females 3249 3.0 2.8
males 11291 10.9 10.3
Canada 1 AMR HI
both sexes 4417 11.8 10.3
females 1148 6.1 5.4
males 3269 17.6 15.3
Chile 1 AMR HI
both sexes 1700 9.0 8.0
females 307 3.2 3.0
males 1394 14.9 13.4
Colombia 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 1965 3.9 3.7
females 449 1.8 1.7
males 1515 6.1 6.0
Costa Rica 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 407 8.1 7.6
females 51 2.0 1.9
males 356 14.1 13.3
Cuba 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 1638 14.5 10.2
females 342 6.0 4.1
males 1296 23.0 16.7
Dominican Republic 3 AMR UMI
both sexes 530 4.9 5.1
females 99 1.8 1.9
males 431 8.0 8.5
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 19 WHO
Region of the Americas
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Ecuador 3 AMR UMI
both sexes 1326 7.6 7.7
females 316 3.6 3.6
males 1011 11.6 11.9
El Salvador 2 AMR LMI
both sexes 391 6.1 6.1
females 73 2.1 2.1
males 317 10.5 11.1
Grenada 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 1 0.7 0.6
females 0 0.7 0.7
males 0 0.6 0.5
Guatemala 2 AMR UMI
both sexes 1039 5.9 6.2
females 230 2.6 2.5
males 810 9.3 10.3
Guyana 2 AMR UMI
both sexes 315 40.3 40.9
females 68 17.4 17.0
males 248 63.0 65.0
Haiti 4 AMR LI
both sexes 1085 9.6 11.2
females 431 7.5 8.0
males 655 11.8 14.9
Honduras
4 AMR LMI
both sexes 201 2.1 2.6
females 40 0.8 1.0
males 161 3.3 4.4
Jamaica 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 70 2.4 2.3
females 16 1.1 1.0
males 55 3.7 3.6
Mexico 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 6772 5.3 5.3
females 1445 2.2 2.2
males 5327 8.5 8.7
Nicaragua 1 AMR LMI
both sexes 285 4.3 4.7
females 63 1.9 1.9
males 221 6.9 7.8
Panama 1 AMR HI
both sexes 121 2.9 2.9
females 21 1.0 1.0
males 101 4.7 4.8
Paraguay 2 AMR UMI
both sexes 425 6.0 6.2
females 112 3.2 3.3
males 313 8.7 9.0
Peru 3 AMR UMI
both sexes 903 2.8 2.7
females 230 1.4 1.4
males 673 4.2 4.1
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 20 WHO
Region of the Americas
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Saint Lucia 1 AMR UMI
both sexes 14 7.9 6.9
females 2 1.7 1.5
males 13 14.3 12.5
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
1 AMR UMI
both sexes 1 1.0 1.0
females 0 0.6 0.7
males 1 1.3 1.3
Suriname 2 AMR UMI
both sexes 148 25.4 25.9
females 34 11.8 11.8
males 113 38.8 41.3
Trinidad and Tobago 1 AMR HI
both sexes 121 8.7 8.3
females 25 3.6 3.7
males 96 13.9 13.1
United States of Ame-
rica
1 AMR HI
both sexes 53099 16.1 14.5
females 12413 7.5 6.8
males 40686 25.0 22.4
Uruguay 2 AMR HI
both sexes 735 21.2 18.8
females 159 8.9 7.7
males 576 34.5 31.1
Venezuela (Bolivarian
Republic of)
1 AMR UMI
both sexes 585 2.1 2.1
females 100 0.7 0.7
males 485 3.5 3.6
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Afghanistan 4 EMR LI
both sexes 1573 4.1 6.0
females 668 3.6 5.7
males 905 4.6 6.2
Bahrain 3 EMR HI
both sexes 145 8.9 7.2
females 14 2.4 2.3
males 132 12.5 9.9
Djibouti 4 EMR LMI
both sexes 94 9.6 11.9
females 29 6.3 7.6
males 65 12.6 16.3
Egypt 3 EMR LMI
both sexes 3022 3.0 3.4
females 995 2.0 2.2
males 2027 4.0 4.6
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 21 WHO
Eastern Mediterranean Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Iran (Islamic Republic
of)
2 EMR UMI
both sexes 4334 5.2 5.1
females 1128 2.7 2.7
males 3206 7.7 7.5
Iraq 3 EMR UMI
both sexes 1418 3.6 4.7
females 378 1.9 2.4
males 1040 5.2 7.3
Jordan 2 EMR UMI
both sexes 165 1.6 2.0
females 37 0.7 0.9
males 128 2.5 3.0
Kuwait 1 EMR HI
both sexes 122 2.9 2.7
females 12 0.7 0.7
males 110 4.3 3.8
Lebanon 4 EMR UMI
both sexes 190 2.8 2.8
females 59 1.7 1.7
males 131 3.8 3.9
Libya 3 EMR UMI
both sexes 304 4.5 4.5
females 98 2.9 2.9
males 206 6.0 6.1
Morocco 4 EMR LMI
both sexes 2617 7.2 7.3
females 865 4.7 4.7
males 1752 9.7 10.1
Oman 4 EMR HI
both sexes 241 4.9 4.5
females 17 1.0 1.1
males 224 6.8 6.4
Pakistan 4 EMR LMI
both sexes 19331 8.9 9.8
females 4560 4.3 4.7
males 14771 13.3 14.6
Qatar 4 EMR HI
both sexes 165 5.8 4.7
females 12 1.7 1.7
males 153 7.2 5.7
Saudi Arabia 4 EMR HI
both sexes 2046 6.0 5.4
females 282 1.9 1.9
males 1764 8.9 7.8
Somalia 4 EMR LI
both sexes 1219 7.9 14.7
females 293 3.8 7.1
males 926 12.0 22.8
Sudan 4 EMR LI
both sexes 1644 3.8 4.8
females 590 2.8 3.3
males 1054 4.9 6.3
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 22 WHO
Eastern Mediterranean Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Syrian Arab Republic 3 EMR LI
both sexes 333 1.9 2.1
females 59 0.7 0.8
males 273 3.2 3.5
Tunisia 3 EMR LMI
both sexes 383 3.3 3.2
females 113 1.9 1.8
males 270 4.7 4.6
United Arab Emirates 4 EMR HI
both sexes 628 6.4 5.2
females 89 3.0 2.6
males 539 8.0 6.3
Yemen 4 EMR LI
both sexes 1699 5.8 7.1
females 672 4.6 5.3
males 1026 7.0 9.0
WHO European Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Albania 3 EUR UMI
both sexes 125 4.3 3.7
females 38 2.7 2.2
males 87 5.9 5.3
Armenia 1 EUR UMI
both sexes 98 3.3 2.7
females 20 1.3 1.0
males 78 5.6 4.9
Austria 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1307 14.6 10.4
females 302 6.7 4.6
males 1005 22.8 16.6
Azerbaijan 4 EUR UMI
both sexes 411 4.1 4.0
females 78 1.6 1.5
males 333 6.6 6.6
Belarus 1 EUR UMI
both sexes 2004 21.2 16.5
females 388 7.7 5.3
males 1616 36.7 30.1
Belgium 1 EUR HI
both sexes 2111 18.3 13.9
females 690 11.8 8.4
males 1421 24.9 19.6
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
3 EUR UMI
both sexes 361 10.9 8.2
females 76 4.5 3.4
males 285 17.6 13.5
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 23 WHO
European Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Bulgaria 2 EUR UMI
both sexes 681 9.7 6.5
females 160 4.4 2.9
males 521 15.3 10.6
Croatia 1 EUR HI
both sexes 676 16.4 11.0
females 174 8.1 5.1
males 502 25.3 17.7
Cyprus 2 EUR HI
both sexes 44 3.6 3.2
females 8 1.3 1.1
males 36 6.0 5.3
Czechia 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1302 12.2 9.5
females 263 4.8 3.8
males 1039 19.8 15.4
Denmark 1 EUR HI
both sexes 617 10.7 7.6
females 189 6.5 4.2
males 429 14.9 11.1
Estonia 1 EUR HI
both sexes 197 14.9 12.0
females 45 6.5 4.5
males 152 24.3 20.2
Finland 1 EUR HI
both sexes 846 15.3 13.4
females 213 7.6 6.8
males 633 23.2 20.1
France 1 EUR HI
both sexes 8961 13.8 9.6
females 2545 7.6 4.5
males 6416 20.4 15.2
Georgia 3 EUR UMI
both sexes 367 9.2 7.6
females 62 3.0 2.2
males 305 16.0 14.0
Germany 1 EUR HI
both sexes 10284 12.3 8.3
females 2605 6.2 3.9
males 7680 18.6 12.8
Greece 2 EUR HI
both sexes 533 5.1 3.6
females 102 1.9 1.5
males 431 8.4 5.9
Hungary 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1612 16.6 11.8
females 419 8.3 5.5
males 1193 25.9 19.1
Iceland 1 EUR HI
both sexes 40 11.9 11.2
females 7 3.9 3.5
males 34 19.8 18.7
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 24 WHO
European Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Ireland 1 EUR HI
both sexes 470 9.6 8.9
females 96 3.9 3.6
males 374 15.4 14.3
Israel 1 EUR HI
both sexes 453 5.3 5.1
females 100 2.3 2.1
males 354 8.3 8.3
Italy 1 EUR HI
both sexes 4042 6.7 4.3
females 1077 3.5 2.1
males 2965 10.1 6.7
Kazakhstan 1 EUR UMI
both sexes 3259 17.6 18.1
females 646 6.8 6.9
males 2612 29.0 30.9
Kyrgyzstan 1 EUR LMI
both sexes 474 7.4 8.3
females 103 3.2 3.5
males 371 11.7 13.5
Latvia 1 EUR HI
both sexes 384 20.1 16.1
females 72 7.0 4.6
males 311 35.5 29.0
Lithuania 1 EUR HI
both sexes 721 26.1 20.2
females 142 9.6 6.2
males 580 45.4 36.1
Luxembourg 1 EUR HI
both sexes 69 11.3 8.6
females 22 7.1 5.4
males 48 15.3 11.8
Malta 1 EUR HI
both sexes 27 6.1 5.3
females 5 2.3 2.2
males 22 9.8 8.3
Montenegro 3 EUR UMI
both sexes 132 21.0 16.2
females 33 10.4 7.9
males 98 31.7 25.4
Netherlands 1 EUR HI
both sexes 2025 11.8 9.3
females 708 8.3 6.1
males 1317 15.5 12.5
North Macedonia 2 EUR UMI
both sexes 196 9.4 7.2
females 50 4.8 3.5
males 145 13.9 11.0
Norway 1 EUR HI
both sexes 633 11.8 9.9
females 205 7.7 6.3
males 429 15.8 13.4
Poland 2 EUR HI
both sexes 4282 11.3 9.3
females 597 3.1 2.4
males 3685 20.1 16.5
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 25 WHO
European Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Portugal 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1172 11.5 7.2
females 307 5.7 3.5
males 865 17.9 11.6
Republic of Moldova 1 EUR LMI
both sexes 593 14.7 12.2
females 87 4.1 3.3
males 506 26.1 22.1
Romania 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1886 9.7 7.3
females 331 3.3 2.4
males 1555 16.5 12.6
Russian Federation 2 EUR UMI
both sexes 36625 25.1 21.6
females 7128 9.1 7.2
males 29498 43.6 38.2
Serbia 1 EUR UMI
both sexes 996 11.4 7.9
females 282 6.3 3.9
males 715 16.6 12.2
Slovakia 1 EUR HI
both sexes 660 12.1 9.3
females 96 3.4 2.6
males 564 21.2 16.7
Slovenia 1 EUR HI
both sexes 411 19.8 14.0
females 86 8.3 5.5
males 325 31.4 22.7
Spain 1 EUR HI
both sexes 3609 7.7 5.3
females 986 4.1 2.8
males 2623 11.4 7.9
Sweden 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1479 14.7 12.4
females 477 9.5 7.7
males 1002 19.9 16.9
Switzerland 1 EUR HI
both sexes 1249 14.5 9.8
females 390 9.0 5.6
males 859 20.2 14.2
Tajikistan 3 EUR LI
both sexes 399 4.3 5.3
females 131 2.8 3.4
males 268 5.7 7.3
Turkey 2 EUR UMI
both sexes 2003 2.4 2.3
females 517 1.2 1.2
males 1486 3.6 3.6
Turkmenistan 2 EUR UMI
both sexes 337 5.7 6.1
females 80 2.6 2.9
males 257 8.8 9.4
Ukraine 2 EUR LMI
both sexes 9517 21.6 17.7
females 1536 6.5 4.6
males 7981 39.2 32.7
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 26 WHO
European Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
United Kingdom 1 EUR HI
both sexes 5325 7.9 6.9
females 1376 4.0 3.4
males 3949 11.8 10.4
Uzbekistan 2 EUR LMI
both sexes 2653 8.0 8.3
females 794 4.8 4.9
males 1859 11.3 11.8
WHO South-East Asia Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Bangladesh 4 SEAR LMI
both sexes 5998 3.7 3.9
females 1331 1.7 1.7
males 4667 5.7 6.0
Bhutan 4 SEAR LMI
both sexes 35 4.6 5.1
females 10 2.7 3.1
males 26 6.3 6.8
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea
4 SEAR LI
both sexes 2407 9.4 8.2
females 1002 7.6 6.3
males 1405 11.2 10.6
India 4 SEAR LMI
both sexes 173347 12.7 12.9
females 72935 11.1 11.1
males 100413 14.1 14.7
Indonesia 4 SEAR UMI
both sexes 6544 2.4 2.6
females 1448 1.1 1.2
males 5096 3.7 4.0
Maldives 3 SEAR UMI
both sexes 15 2.7 2.8
females 2 0.8 0.9
males 13 3.9 4.1
Myanmar 4 SEAR LMI
both sexes 1565 2.9 3.0
females 301 1.1 1.1
males 1264 4.9 5.1
Nepal 4 SEAR LMI
both sexes 2571 9.0 9.8
females 427 2.7 2.9
males 2145 16.4 18.6
Sri Lanka 2 SEAR LMI
both sexes 2977 14.0 12.9
females 692 6.2 6.1
males 2285 22.3 20.9
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 27 WHO
South-East Asia Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Thailand 3 SEAR UMI
both sexes 6147 8.8 8.0
females 1045 2.9 2.3
males 5102 15.0 13.9
Timor-Leste 4 SEAR LMI
both sexes 48 3.7 4.5
females 13 2.0 2.4
males 35 5.3 6.7
WHO Western Pacific Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Australia 1 WPR HI
both sexes 3150 12.5 11.3
females 813 6.4 5.6
males 2337 18.6 17.0
Brunei Darussalam 2 WPR HI
both sexes 12 2.7 2.5
females 2 0.8 0.8
males 10 4.4 4.2
Cambodia 4 WPR LMI
both sexes 800 4.9 5.5
females 234 2.8 3.1
males 566 7.0 8.4
China 4 WPR UMI
both sexes 116324 8.1 6.7
females 43809 6.2 4.8
males 72515 9.8 8.6
Fiji 3 WPR UMI
both sexes 80 9.0 9.5
females 25 5.7 6.0
males 55 12.2 13.1
Japan 1 WPR HI
both sexes 19466 15.3 12.2
females 5956 9.2 6.9
males 13510 21.8 17.5
Kiribati 4 WPR LMI
both sexes 33 28.3 30.6
females 5 8.6 9.4
males 28 48.6 53.6
Lao People’s Democratic
Republic
4 WPR LMI
both sexes 390 5.4 6.0
females 115 3.2 3.5
males 274 7.6 8.6
Malaysia 2 WPR UMI
both sexes 1823 5.7 5.8
females 358 2.3 2.4
males 1466 8.9 9.0
Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates
- 28 WHO
Western Pacific Region
Country Data
quality1
WHO
Region
Income
Group2
Sex Number of
suicides, all
ages, 2019
Crude suicide
rates, all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Age-standardized
suicide rates,
all ages
(per 100 000),
2019
Micronesia (Federated
States of)
4 WPR LMI
both sexes 32 28.2 29.0
females 7 12.7 13.2
males 25 43.2 44.3
Mongolia 3 WPR LMI
both sexes 577 17.9 18.0
females 88 5.4 5.6
males 489 30.7 31.1
New Zealand 1 WPR HI
both sexes 528 11.0 10.3
females 141 5.8 5.4
males 388 16.5 15.4
Papua New Guinea 4 WPR LMI
both sexes 259 2.9 3.6
females 68 1.6 1.9
males 190 4.2 5.2
Philippines 1 WPR LMI
both sexes 2325 2.2 2.5
females 624 1.2 1.3
males 1702 3.1 3.9
Republic of Korea 1 WPR HI
both sexes 14636 28.6 21.2
females 4317 16.9 13.4
males 10319 40.2 29.7
Samoa 4 WPR UMI
both sexes 25 12.6 14.6
females 6 6.7 7.8
males 18 18.0 20.9
Singapore 1 WPR HI
both sexes 650 11.2 9.6
females 195 7.1 6.4
males 455 15.0 12.7
Solomon Islands 4 WPR LMI
both sexes 98 14.7 17.4
females 6 1.9 2.4
males 92 27.0 32.2
Tonga 4 WPR UMI
both sexes 4 3.8 4.4
females 1 2.6 2.9
males 3 5.0 5.9
Vanuatu 4 WPR LMI
both sexes 54 18.0 21.0
females 11 7.6 9.0
males 43 28.1 33.1
Viet Nam 4 WPR LMI
both sexes 7249 7.5 7.2
females 2249 4.7 4.2
males 5000 10.4 10.6