Cybersecurity
Jakub Drmola
Part 1 – overview and state activities

Cybersecurity is hard



Characteristics to note when attack occurs
•actors involved
•who did it? who is the target? states/companies/teenagers in basement?
•methods used
•how did they do it? what type of attack? what was really lost or damaged?
•motivation
•why did they do it? what was their goal? what did they really accomplish?
•
•
•which are easy/hard to know and why?

Actor types
individual
state
ideology
profit
hacktivism militias
cyberterrorism
identity theft
financial crime
espionage
sabotage

Examples
individual
state
ideology
profit
Anonymous SEA
???
Russian Bussiness Network, vDOS
PLA 61398
Equation
Group

Attacks
individual
state
ideology
profit
#OP Payback Estonia
2007
???
DDoS for hire
scams
ransomware
Flame
Stuxnet

C-I-A triad of what is actually being attacked
-Confidentiality
-Integrity
-Availability
-
-examples?

Key distinctions
-attack for profit or politics?
-executed/planned as covert or overt?
-what is target losing/what is the attacker gaining?
-
-

Main problems
-attribution of attacks
-and therefore deterrence
-non-territoriality
-and therefore law enforcement
-asymmetry
-of actors
-of defence/offense
-
-







Related image



Image result for security wrench comic






http://www.smbc-comics.com/comics/20120220.gif



Image result for phishing









PIN
Freq
#1
1234
10.713%
#2
1111
6.016%
#3
0000
1.881%
#4
1212
1.197%
#5
7777
0.745%
#6
1004
0.616%
#7
2000
0.613%
#8
4444
0.526%
#9
2222
0.516%
#10
6969
0.512%
#11
9999
0.451%
#12
3333
0.419%
#13
5555
0.395%
#14
6666
0.391%
#15
1122
0.366%
#16
1313
0.304%
#17
8888
0.303%
#18
4321
0.293%
#19
2001
0.290%
#20
1010
0.285%




Cybersecurity
State activities


Espionage
-attack on confidentiality
-Flame, Red October
-
-Purpose:
-Economic espionage
-Strategic espionage
-Tactical espionage
-
-https://apt.securelist.com/#secondPage
-










Domestic surveillance
-also attack on confidentiality (but targeted inward)
-Prism
-
-law enforcement, population control
-
-efforts to limit cryptography - CryptoWar
-







Censorship
-attack on availability
-Great Firewall of China
-content control (porn? drugs? IP piracy? dissent?)
-quite common, often via blacklists

http://i.huffpost.com/gen/242407/EGYPT-INTERNET-BLACKOUT.jpg






Sabotage
-attack against data integrity
-destruction of something, usually data
-Stuxnet, Shamoon
-
-still quite rare
-“kinetic barrier”

Image result for stuxnet



Operational support
-various forms, not a single specific type
-used to enhance or enable military operations
-
-Orchard 2007 (integrity)
-air defence system sabotage
-Georgia 2008 (availability)
-DDoS on communication channels
-ISIS (confidentiality)
-intel collection for targeting
-

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/imagenes_sociopol/middleeast12_04.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Destroyed_Reactor.jpg


Other activities
-Information warfare and propaganda
-not necessarily cyberattack in narrow sense, but often uses their products or tools
-influencing populations, their opinions and actions to advance ones goal
-e.g. Russian election meddling
-Show of force and will
-harming another state through cyberattacks to send a message
-Estonia 2007, Ukraine right now (most often DDoS)

http://images.kurir.rs/slika-724x489/sms-erdogan-foto-tviter-belzifer-i-rojters-1468667889-951273.j
pg


https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/201814387/error522.png



confidentiality
integrity
availability
internal
surveillance
-
censorship
external
espionage
sabotage
suppression