Manipulative Techniques of Propaganda CDSn4104 2 November, 2022 Miloš Gregor > what is the propaganda nowadays? ► does not necessarily tells lies ► should strengthen existing believes ► The news media's focus on objectivity and covering "both" sides of a story also plays into the hands of a deceiver attempting to spread a story based on altered images. Media provide both stories with equal time and rarely offers objective, rigorous analysis. Great propagandist is a man who tells the truth, or selects truth that serves his purposes, and tells it in such way the recipient does not think that he is receiving any propaganda. Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz disinformation Disinformation Not Disinformation Malicious lies Truthful statement Audio-visual disinformation Accidental falsehoods True disinformation Jokes Side-effect disinformation Sarcastic comments Adaptive disinformation Accidental truths Altruistic disinformation Implausible lies Detrimental disinformation Satire source: Fallis 2015, 415. Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Propaganda. You know it when you see it. Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz NATIONALSOZIALISMUS DER ORGANISIE WILLE DER Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz HAPDA H APMHfl EflHHbl!_ Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ Q mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Propaganda is a phenomenon from the past. Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Have you ever had a dramatic change of heart or a strong emotional response after looking at something as simple as a billboard or a commercial? If so, you may have been looking at propaganda. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz die WELLE Miloš Gregor 3 AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ Q mqreaor@fss.muni.cz today's lecture ►differences between propaganda and political marketing ►components of propaganda ► manipulative techniques Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz part one propaganda vs. political marketing Milos Gregor F2 AnselmoCZ iZi mareaor@fss,muni,cz ] propaganda vs. political marketing propaganda political marketing replace education commercialized approach tries to convince no matter what refers to consumer approach (usually) in authoritarian regimes X or|ly 'n democracy true purpose is hidden everyone knows the message you do not know it when you face it you know it when you face it secret public Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing spinning & spin-doctoring? Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing ►term spin-doctor was created in the U.S. in 1980's ►management of how political messages are going to be interpreted ►to 'spin' = to give the policy, personality or event a favorable gloss ►sinister connotation (manipulator, propagandist, conspirator) (for more info: McNair 2000, 2005; Maloney 2000) Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ffl mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing ►unscientific neologism coined by journalists ►neither scientific concept nor the self-labeling of a branch ►demonization of spin as a journalistic counterstrategy "HIS DESTRUCTIVE CYCLONCS MAKE ANY SCANDAL OLD HEWS Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Dustin HOFFMAN Robert DE NIRO A MoUvwocid pcodtKtt h Washington \pin tKntor Wtvn tho £vt lOgetfo iho can mat* \ou M»ot amthin*. part two: components of propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz how does propaganda work ►modern propaganda draws upon techniques and strategies used in advertising ►simplifies ►always biased ►geared to achieving a particular end ►emploies symbols ►employed by governmental and private organizations THE REDDLUTIDM IE klDUJ! *** vy>r w- M • < ■ír -ŕr * * VOTE RED * Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz how does propaganda work ►weapon in the arsenal of mass persuasion & information warfare ► replace education, but ... ! ►danger when competing voices are silenced Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ components of propaganda - rhetoric ► rhetoric is emotional persuasion ►form of reasoning ► pseudo arguments rOlG Of IJGS? ►undergoing revival ►metaphor Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz components of propaganda - symbolism ► importance of the myth ►a story with key values ►myth, nation, race and martyrdom ►symbol - first emotional value ►cheap form of propaganda ►do not underestimate symbols ►attractive to people with lesser capacity of abstract thought Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz components of propaganda - symbolism Symbols are not universally decoded. components of propaganda - symbolism components of propaganda - symbolism efficient propaganda ►visual receptors ►emotional connections ►short clear message ► image is always stronger WANTED! FOR MURDER Her careless talk costs lives _ ..........- Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda UNITED we are stronger, UNITED we will win Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcS mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda key foundations of propaganda ►emotions ► ideology ►values ►hyperbole Miloš Gregor 3 AnselmoCZ part three: manipulative techniques Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 1. assertion 2. bandwagon 3. blaming 4. fabrication 5. false dilemma, lesser of two evils 6. labelling / name calling 7. fear appeal 8. card stacking 9. transfer 10. plain folk Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 1. assertion ►simplest form of propaganda ►simply stating a debatable idea as a fact ►no explanation or justification examples: The Middle East will never be at peace. A record number of hurricanes have been caused by global warming this year (S THIS TOMORROW II V \ / AMERICA UNDER COMMUNISM! Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 2. bandwagon ► people like to belong to a group ►especially to a successful & popular group examples: Five million members and growing< Everybody's doing it! Das ganze Volk Sftffřam10.^pril Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 3. blaming ► people don't want to be responsible ► better to say someone else is cause example: Migrant crisis started when Merkel invited all illegal immigrants. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 4. fabrication ►fiction, tabulation ► lies people tend to believe ►mainstream media lie to you, we are telling truth example: There are weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. THAT'S A JFACT Think of the children. Join Team Demoman TODAV, and make those monsters PAY. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 5. false dilemma / lesser of two evils ► black'n'white thinking, false dichotomy, false choice, etc. ► reducing a complex of argument ►only one point is appropriate ►a simple matter of either / or example: Join a Car-Sharing Club TODAY \ You are either an ally or an enemy. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 6. labelling / name calling ►negative words to disparage an enemy ►used to replace of logical arguments ►appealing to emotions ► personal level example: Clearly, my opponent's bleeding-heart liberalism will not help to solve the current crisis. Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ES mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 7. fear appeal ►attempts to create support for an idea ► prejudice ►disaster element examples: Those who do not participate will burn in hell. Big brother is watching you! Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ES mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 8. card stacking ►author's opinion ► problem especially in news ►unfair advantage to one point of view example: Our program to solve the economic crisis is much more effective than the opponents' ones. AVonderful Opportunity ForVOXJ United States Navy Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 9. transfer ►association, false connection ►transfer of feeling and association examples: ČOURSč I CAN í Iin patriotic 23 can be— And ration points won't vrony me!" A candidate for office addresses allegations of wrongdoing in front of a house of worship while wearing a religious symbol on his lapel pin. A dove signals peace. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 10. plain folk ► regular people's values (family, patriotism, etc.) ► insider view ►words such as home, children, dinner table Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Thank you. E3 mgnegoil9fes.iTiuni.cz Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz