Manipulative Techniques of Propaganda CDSn4104 8 November, 2023 Miloš Gregor > today's lecture ►differences between propaganda and political marketing ►components of propaganda ► manipulative techniques Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz part one propaganda vs. political marketing Milos Gregor F2 AnselmoCZ iZi mareaor@fss,muni,cz ] propaganda vs. political marketing propaganda political marketing replace education commercialized approach tries to convince no matter what refers to consumer approach (usually) in authoritarian regimes X or|ly 'n democracy true purpose is hidden everyone knows the message you do not know it when you face it you know it when you face it secret public Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing spinning & spin-doctoring? Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing ►term spin-doctor was created in the U.S. in 1980's ►management of how political messages are going to be interpreted ►to 'spin' = to give the policy, personality or event a favorable gloss ►sinister connotation (manipulator, propagandist, conspirator) (for more info: McNair 2000, 2005; Maloney 2000) Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ffl mqreaor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. political marketing ►unscientific neologism coined by journalists ►neither scientific concept nor the self-labeling of a branch ►demonization of spin as a journalistic counterstrategy "HIS DESTRUCTIVE CYCLONCS MAKE ANY SCANDAL OLD HEWS Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz Dustin HOFFMAN Robert DE NIRO A MoUvwocid pcodtKtt h Washington \pin tKntor Wtvn tho £vt lOgetfo iho can mat* \ou M»ot amthin*. part two: components of propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz how does propaganda work ►modern propaganda draws upon techniques and strategies used in advertising ►simplifies ►always biased ►geared to achieving a particular end ►emploies symbols ►employed by governmental and private organizations THE REDDLUTIDM IE klDUJ! *** vy>r w- M • < ■ír -ŕr * * VOTE RED * Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz how does propaganda work ►weapon in the arsenal of mass persuasion & information warfare ► replace education, but ... ! ►danger when competing voices are silenced Miloš Gregor ^ AnselmoCZ components of propaganda - rhetoric ► rhetoric is emotional persuasion ►form of reasoning ► pseudo arguments rOlG Of IJGS? ►undergoing revival ►metaphor Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz components of propaganda - symbolism ► importance of the myth ►a story with key values ►myth, nation, race and martyrdom ►symbol - first emotional value ►cheap form of propaganda ►do not underestimate symbols ►attractive to people with lesser capacity of abstract thought Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz components of propaganda - symbolism Symbols are not universally decoded. components of propaganda - symbolism components of propaganda - symbolism efficient propaganda ►visual receptors ►emotional connections ►short clear message ► image is always stronger WANTED! FOR MURDER Her careless talk costs lives _ ..........- Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda UNITED we are stronger, UNITED we will win Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcS mqreaor@fss.muni.cz efficient propaganda key foundations of propaganda ►emotions ► ideology ►values ►hyperbole Miloš Gregor 3 AnselmoCZ part three: manipulative techniques Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 1. assertion 2. bandwagon 3. blaming 4. fabrication 5. false dilemma, lesser of two evils 6. labelling / name calling 7. fear appeal 8. card stacking 9. transfer 10. plain folk Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 1. assertion ►simplest form of propaganda ►simply stating a debatable idea as a fact ►no explanation or justification examples: The Middle East will never be at peace. A record number of hurricanes have been caused by global warming this year (S THIS TOMORROW II V \ / AMERICA UNDER COMMUNISM! Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 2. bandwagon ► people like to belong to a group ►especially to a successful & popular group examples: Five million members and growing< Everybody's doing it! Das ganze Volk Sftffřam10.^pril Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 3. blaming ► people don't want to be responsible ► better to say someone else is cause example: Migrant crisis started when Merkel invited all illegal immigrants. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 4. fabrication ►fiction, tabulation ► lies people tend to believe ►mainstream media lie to you, we are telling truth example: There are weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. THAT'S A JFACT Think of the children. Join Team Demoman TODAV, and make those monsters PAY. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 5. false dilemma / lesser of two evils ► black'n'white thinking, false dichotomy, false choice, etc. ► reducing a complex of argument ►only one point is appropriate ►a simple matter of either / or example: Join a Car-Sharing Club TODAY \ You are either an ally or an enemy. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 6. labelling / name calling ►negative words to disparage an enemy ►used to replace of logical arguments ►appealing to emotions ► personal level example: Clearly, my opponent's bleeding-heart liberalism will not help to solve the current crisis. Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ES mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 7. fear appeal ►attempts to create support for an idea ► prejudice ►disaster element examples: Those who do not participate will burn in hell. Big brother is watching you! Miloš Gregor I AnselmoCZ ES mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 8. card stacking ►author's opinion ► problem especially in news ►unfair advantage to one point of view example: Our program to solve the economic crisis is much more effective than the opponents' ones. AVonderful Opportunity ForVOXJ United States Navy Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 9. transfer ►association, false connection ►transfer of feeling and association examples: ČOURSč I CAN í Iin patriotic 23 can be— And ration points won't vrony me!" A candidate for office addresses allegations of wrongdoing in front of a house of worship while wearing a religious symbol on his lapel pin. A dove signals peace. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques 10. plain folk ► regular people's values (family, patriotism, etc.) ► insider view ►words such as home, children, dinner table Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz manipulative techniques Thank you. E3 mgnegortStfss.nriuni.cz Milos Gregor AnselmoCZ fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz