how
 to look
 at propaganda CDSn4104: Hybrid Warfare Miloš Gregor / 1/11/23 propaganda, persuasion, and information warfare Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz propaganda information warfare disinformation fake news persuasion ? “Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.” Garth Jowett, Victoria O'Donnell de fi nition of propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz “Propaganda is neutrally de fi ned as a systematic form of purposeful persuasion that attempts to in fl uence the emotions, attitudes, opinions, and actions of speci fi ed target audiences for ideological, political or commercial purposes through the controlled transmission of one-sided messages (which may or may not be factual) via mass and direct media channels.” Richard Alan Nelson de fi nition of propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz ‣1622: Pope Gregory XV established the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fidel (Sacred Congregation for Propagation of the Faith) ‣The term not widespread until the beginning of 20th century Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz origin and development of the term ‘propaganda’ Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz origin and development of the term ‘propaganda’ ‣neutral, positive, or negative connotation? In English, propaganda was originally a neutral term for the dissemination of information in favor of any given cause. ‣change during the 20th century Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz origin and development of the term ‘propaganda’ ‣ governments seek to persuade citizens ‣ propaganda against enemy’s own population ‣ disinformation used to distract people from the truth and create new reality ‣ Nazi Germany: Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda ‣ Anti Communist Propaganda propaganda & war Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz beside the war Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz ‣white propaganda ‣black propaganda ‣grey propaganda propaganda used to be divided into three types Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz white propaganda public info campaign Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz propaganda vs. public information campaign ‣United States paid Iraqis to publish articles written by US troops ‣Fake radio US personalities spreading pro-American information in Iraq black propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz grey propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz grey propaganda Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz is propaganda still the same? Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz well, partly yes… Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz well, partly yes… Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz well, partly yes… Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz well, partly yes… Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz well, partly yes… ‣boom of disinformation media outlets ‣paid internet trolls ‣direct in fl uence on political parties ( fi nancial) ‣establishing cultural/ religious organizations, NGOs Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz … but it has changed in some ways ‣does not necessarily tells lies ‣should strengthen existing believes ‣The news media's focus on objectivity and covering “both” sides of a story also plays into the hands of a deceiver attempting to spread a story based on altered images. Media provide both stories with equal time and rarely offers objective, rigorous analysis. what is the propaganda nowadays? Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Great propagandist is a man who tells the truth, or selects truth that serves his purposes, and tells it in such way the recipient does not think that he is receiving any propaganda. disinformation Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Disinformation Not Disinformation Malicious lies Truthful statement Audio-visual disinformation Accidental falsehoods True disinformation Jokes Side-effect disinformation Sarcastic comments Adaptive disinformation Accidental truths Altruistic disinformation Implausible lies Detrimental disinformation Satire source: Fallis 2015, 415. Propaganda. You know it when you see it. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Propaganda is a phenomenon from the past. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Have you ever had a dramatic change of heart or a strong emotional response after looking at something as simple as a billboard or a commercial? If so, you may have been looking at propaganda. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Propaganda today has moved into prop-agenda, not only controlling what we think, but how we think, and what we think about. Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz George Orwell Animal Farm (1945) Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ mgregor@fss.muni.cz Thank you. mgregor@fss.muni.cz