Visualization of relationship between variables



•
Chart


•
Chart





•
Chart


Two types of relationship
•Correlation – two things are going together
•Causation – one thing causes the second one
•Only advanced methods can reveal causation
•
•Correlation ≠ Causation

Combinations of variables
•Categorical x categorical – stacked bar chart, series of pie charts
•Categorical x cardinal – set of boxplots
•Cardinal x cardinal - scatterplot

How to recognize relationship
•Categorical x categorical – charts are different for each category
•Categorical x cardinal – charts are different for each category
•Cardinal x cardinal – there is some pattern in scatterplot
•
•
•

=countif
•=COUNTIFS(B:B; 1;C:C;1)
•
•
•
•
•Same logic for sumif, averageif, etc
•One condition ….IF
•More condition …IFS
Only rows where survival = 1 are counted
Column with variable survival
Column with variable Pclass
Only rows where Pclass = 1 are counted

Bar chart
•


Stacked bar chart
•


Stacked bar plot
•


Set of boxplots