Miloš Gregor CDSn4104: Hybrid Warfare
how to look
at propaganda
what is propaganda?
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
what does propaganda?
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
what are potential sources of propaganda?
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
definition of propaganda
Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist."
Garth Jowett, Victoria O'Donnell
THIRD EDITION GARTH SJOWETt \K TOKIA ODONNELL
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
origin and development of the term 'propaganda'
► 1622: Pope Gregory XV established the Sacra Congregatio de
Propaganda Fidel (Sacred Congregation for Propagation of the Faith)
► The term not widespread until the beginning of 20th century
origin and development of the term 'propaganda'
► neutral, positive, or negative connotation?
n English, propaganda was originally a neutral term for the dissemination of information in favor of any given cause.
THE SUBTLE CONSPIRATOR
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
origin and development of the term 'propaganda'
>change during the 20th century
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
propaganda & war
governments seek to persuade citizens
propaganda against enemy's own population disinformation used to distract people from the truth and create new reality
Nazi Germany: Reich Ministry of Public
Enlightenment and Propaganda Anti Communist Propaganda
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
beside the war
Why Do Atheists Hate America?
www.lnGodWeTrustUSA.org
THE INSANITY
WANTED BABY
0F "CHOICE"
UNWANTED BABY
v* ■
www alamy com - E7HKMG
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
propaganda used to be divided into three types
Miloš Gregor AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
propaganda vs. public information campaign
white propaganda
public info campaign
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
black propaganda
► United States paid Iraqis to publish articles written by US troops
► Fake radio US personalities spreading pro-American information
in Iraq
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
grey propaganda
grey propaganda
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To Nukesw To u s Bases
: GABRIELA-
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
is propaganda still the same?
Villi GIVE US
WEIL
GIVE EM
HELL I
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
well, partly yes
well, partly yes
5 /ICG P N WiR
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Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
well, partly yes
rwake the fuck up amenca <f face the truth M 9/11 WAS ANm\ INSIDE JOB
wtc7.net*
911Truth.qra
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Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
well, partly yes
Theresa May accused of manipulating | crucial immigration report before Brexit I vote
PM .irrnspri n* playing i.p signmranrp of bpnpfn*; tourism' diring hp'tpnurp    Homp SprrplTy
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well, partly yes
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Russian propaganda strategies: confuse and obfuscate
The MH17 disinformation smokescreen
15 months of Russian misinformation and fakes around 298 MH17 victims
THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS IF RUSSIAN MEDIA QUESTIONS MORE
MH17 WAS DOWNED ON 17 JULY 2014 IN DONBAS rH A RUSSIAN BUK MISSILE COMPLEX FROM SEPARATIST CONTROLLED TERRITORY.
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
but it has changed in some ways
► boom of disinformation media outlets
► paid internet trolls
► direct influence on political parties (financial)
► establishing cultural/ religious organizations, NGOs
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
what is the propaganda nowadays?
► does not necessarily tells lies
► should strengthen existing believes
► The news media's focus on objectivity and covering "both" sides
Great propagandist is a man who tells the truth, or selects truth that serves his purposes, and tells it in such way the recipient does not think that he is receiving any propaganda.
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
disinformation
Disinformation	Not Disinformation
Malicious lies	Truthful statement
Audio-visual disinformation	Accidental falsehoods
True disinformation	Jokes
Side-effect disinformation	Sarcastic comments
Adaptive disinformation	Accidental truths
Altruistic disinformation	Implausible lies
Detrimental disinformation	Satire
source: Fallis 2015, 415.
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
Propaganda. You know it when you see it.
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
NATIONALSOZIALISMUS
DER
ORGANISIE
WILLE DER
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
HAPDA H APMHfl EflHHbl!_
Miloš Gregor       I AnselmoCZ     Q mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
Propaganda is a phenomenon from the past.
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
Have you ever had a dramatic change of heart or a strong emotional response after looking at something as simple as a billboard
or a commercial?
If so, you may have been looking at propaganda.
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
]   propaganda vs. political marketing
propaganda    political marketing
replace education     commercialized approach tries to convince no matter what     refers to consumer approach (usually) in authoritarian regimes X or|ly 'n democracy
true purpose is hidden     everyone knows the message
you do not know it when you face it     you know it when you face it
secret
public
Miloš Gregor    ^ AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
propaganda vs. political marketing
spinning & spin-doctoring?
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
propaganda vs. political marketing
►term spin-doctor was created in the U.S. in 1980's ►management of how political messages are going to be interpreted ►to 'spin' = to give the policy, personality or event a favorable gloss ►sinister connotation (manipulator, propagandist, conspirator)
(for more info: McNair 2000, 2005; Maloney 2000)
Miloš Gregor       I AnselmoCZ     ffl mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
propaganda vs. political marketing
►unscientific neologism coined by journalists ►neither scientific concept
nor the self-labeling of a branch ►demonization of spin as a journalistic
counterstrategy
"HIS DESTRUCTIVE CYCLONCS MAKE ANY SCANDAL OLD HEWS
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
Dustin HOFFMAN   Robert DE NIRO
A MoUvwocid pcodtKtt h Washington \pin tKntor Wtvn tho £vt lOgetfo iho can mat* \ou M»ot amthin*.
components of propaganda
Milos Gregor   F2 AnselmoCZ     iZi mareaor@fss,muni,cz
how does propaganda work
►modern propaganda draws upon techniques and strategies used in advertising ►simplifies ►always biased
►geared to achieving a particular end ►emploies symbols
►employed by governmental and private organizations
THE REDDLUTIDM IE klDUJ! ***
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■ír -ŕr * * VOTE RED *
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
how does propaganda work
►weapon in the arsenal of mass persuasion & information warfare ► replace education, but ... ! ►danger when competing voices are silenced
Miloš Gregor    ^ AnselmoCZ
components of propaganda - rhetoric
► rhetoric is emotional persuasion ►form of reasoning
► pseudo arguments rOlG Of M©S(?)
►undergoing revival ►metaphor
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fcZJ mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
components of propaganda - symbolism
► importance of the myth
►a story with key values
►myth, nation, race and martyrdom
►symbol - first emotional value
►cheap form of propaganda
►do not underestimate symbols
►attractive to people with lesser capacity of abstract thought
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fc2 mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
components of propaganda - symbolism
Symbols are not universally decoded.
components of propaganda - symbolism
components of propaganda - symbolism
efficient propaganda
►visual receptors ►emotional connections ►short clear message ► image is always stronger
WANTED!
FOR MURDER
Her careless talk costs lives
_ ..........-
Miloš Gregor
AnselmoCZ
mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
efficient propaganda
UNITED we are stronger, UNITED we will win
Milos Gregor        AnselmoCZ     fcS mqreaor@fss.muni.cz
efficient propaganda
key foundations of propaganda
►emotions ► ideology ►values ►hyperbole
Miloš Gregor    3 AnselmoCZ
Thank you.
mgregpr@fss,muni,cz