I want you for
disinformation
workshop!!!
13/12/2024 CDSn4104
Miloš Gregor
manipulative techniques
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
1. assertion
2. bandwagon
3. blaming
4. fabrication
5. false dilemma, lesser of two evils
6. labelling / name calling
7. fear appeal
8. card stacking
9. transfer
10. plain folk
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
The Middle East will never be at peace.
A record number of hurricanes have
been caused by global warming this year.
1. assertion
‣simplest form of propaganda
‣simply stating a debatable idea as a fact
‣no explanation or justi
fi
cation
examples:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
Five million members and growing!
Everybody’s doing it!
‣people like to belong to a group
‣especially to a successful
& popular group
examples:
2. bandwagon
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
Migrant crisis started when Merkel
invited all illegal immigrants.
3. blaming
‣people don’t want to be responsible
‣better to say someone else is cause
example:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
There are weapons of mass
destruction in Iraq.
4. fabrication
‣
fi
ction, fabulation
‣lies people tend to believe
‣mainstream media lie to you,
we are telling truth
example:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
You are either an ally or an enemy.
5. false dilemma / lesser of two evils
‣black’n'white thinking, false dichotomy,
false choice, etc.
‣reducing a complex of argument
‣only one point is appropriate
‣a simple matter of either / or
example:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
5. false dilemma / lesser of two evils
‣black’n'white thinking, false dichotomy,
false choice, etc.
‣reducing a complex of argument
‣only one point is appropriate
‣a simple matter of either / or
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
Clearly, my opponent’s bleeding-heart
liberalism will not help to solve the
current crisis.
6. labelling / name calling
example:
‣negative words to disparage an enemy
‣used to replace of logical arguments
‣appealing to emotions
‣personal level
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
Those who do not participate will
burn in hell.
Big brother is watching you!
7. fear appeal
‣attempts to create support for an idea
‣prejudice
‣disaster element
examples:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
Our program to solve the economic
crisis is much more effective than the
opponents’ ones.
8. card stacking
‣author’s opinion
‣problem especially in news
‣unfair advantage to one point of view
example:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
A candidate for of
fi
ce addresses
allegations of wrongdoing in front of a
house of worship while wearing a
religious symbol on his lapel pin.
A dove signals peace.
9. transfer
‣association, false connection
‣transfer of feeling and association
examples:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
9. transfer
‣association, false connection
‣transfer of feeling and association
A candidate for of
fi
ce addresses
allegations of wrongdoing in front of a
house of worship while wearing a
religious symbol on his lapel pin.
A dove signals peace.
examples:
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
10. plain folk
‣regular people’s values
(family, patriotism, etc.)
‣insider view
‣words such as home, children, dinner table
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
‣regular people’s values
(family, patriotism, etc.)
‣insider view
‣words such as home, children, dinner table
mgregor@fss.muni.cz/ Miloš Gregor /AnselmoCZ
part III: your turn!
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
present a story about your country:
1) find some “weird” news
2) identify what’s the problematic aspect
1. assertion
2. bandwagon
3. blaming
4. fabrication
5. false dilemma, lesser of two evils
6. labelling / name calling
7. fear appeal
8. card stacking
9. transfer
10. plain folk
manipulative techniques
‣source
‣pics manipulation
‣form of reasoning
‣pseudo arguments
‣undergoing revival
‣metaphor
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
present two stories about your country:
1) one of the true story
2) another one made up (as realistic as possible)
‣newspapers
‣radio
‣television
‣internet
‣AI
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
new technology, new issues?
technology of manipulation
‣selective exposure/suppression of information
‣framing
‣evaluative judgements in news
‣astrotur
fi
ng
‣disinformation
‣decontextualization
‣deepfakes
‣AI
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
‣laws
‣technology
vs
‣social aspects
‣education
our attention
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
‣government
‣politicians
‣media
‣NGOs
‣education
‣family
‣individuals
role of the state, but…
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
‣it is dif
fi
cult to recognize disinformation if you are not
familiar with the context
‣it is not always about lies; disinformation shift narrative
more often thanks to the presenting just selected aspects
of reality & tendentious framing
‣be aware of con
fi
rmation bias
Miloš Gregor (@AnselmoCZ; mgregor@fss.muni.cz)
lessons learned
thank you.
Miloš Gregor
mgregor@fss.muni.cz
AnselmoCZ