Adobe Systems Conceptualization of Information Warfare When two do the same, it is not the same A map of a city Description automatically generated with medium confidence Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 2 Outline 1.Introduction 2.Key concepts 3.NATO approach 4.US approach 5.Russian approach 6.Chinese approach 7.Conclusion Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 3 The Difference Between Data and Information - WinPure Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 4 Adobe Systems 5 Zápatí prezentace Adobe Systems Adobe Systems Taddeo, Mariarosaria. "Information warfare: A philosophical perspective." Philosophy & Technology 25 (2012): 105-120. CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 7 Adobe Systems Key concepts ̶Information Environment: ̶Physical: Hardware, infrastructure ̶Informational: Data, media ̶Cognitive: Human perception and decision-making ̶ ̶Cyber Domain: ̶Network layer: Physical network infrastructure ̶Logical layer: Software and protocols ̶Cyber-persona layer: Digital representations of individuals CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 8 Adobe Systems Information vs. Hybrid Warfare Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 10 Diagram Description automatically generated Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 11 Adobe Systems 12 NATO approach to Information Warfare Zápatí prezentace A blue and white logo Description automatically generated Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 13 Conceptual Overview of Information Warfare in AJP-3.10 ̶Info Ops is a military function to provide advice and coordination of military information activities in order to create desired effects on the will, understanding and capability of adversaries, potential adversaries and other NAC approved parties in support of Alliance mission objectives. (AJP-3.10) ̶ ̶Focus on Information Space: IW targets both the technical and psychological aspects of information to achieve strategic objectives. ̶ ̶Continuity Across Conflict Spectrum: IW is not confined to active hostilities but is used continuously, including during peacetime, to shape the strategic environment. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 14 Components of Information Warfare in NATO Doctrine ̶Information Operations (IO): A core element that encompasses actions to gain and maintain information superiority. ̶ ̶Cyber Operations: Focuses on securing and exploiting the cyber domain, both offensive and defensive, as a key aspect of IW. ̶ ̶Psychological Operations (PSYOPs): Aimed at influencing the perceptions and behaviors of target audiences. ̶ ̶Electronic Warfare (EW): Involves manipulating the electromagnetic spectrum to disrupt adversary capabilities and protect friendly operations. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 15 Strategic Objectives of Information Warfare ̶Influence and Dissuade Adversaries: IW is used to shape adversaries’ decisions by influencing their information environment ̶ ̶Support Deterrence and Defense: Creates strategic ambiguity and disrupts adversary plans, thereby enhancing NATO’s deterrence ̶ ̶Enhance Decision-Making Superiority: Aims to ensure that NATO forces have accurate, timely information while disrupting the adversary’s decision-making process. ̶ ̶Protect NATO Information and Networks: Focuses on safeguarding critical information and maintaining operational security. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 16 Application and Challenges of Information Warfare ̶Multi-domain Application: IW must integrate across land, sea, air, space, and cyber domains to be effective. ̶ ̶Adapting to Emerging Threats: The rise of digital technologies and adversary capabilities requires constant adaptation of NATO’s IW strategies. ̶ ̶Countering Disinformation: A key challenge is countering disinformation and influence operations from adversaries. ̶ ̶Importance of Resilience: Building resilient information systems is crucial to withstand and recover from IW attacks. Adobe Systems 17 US approach to Information Warfare A flag and circuit board Description automatically generated Zápatí prezentace Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 18 US Perspective on Information Warfare ̶U.S. uses the term Information Operations (IO) within the Department of Defense. ̶ ̶Focuses on influencing or disrupting adversary decision-making during crises. ̶ ̶Prioritizes defense of its own information systems. ̶ ̶Emphasizes specific operations rather than a holistic IW approach. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 19 Components of U.S. Information Operations (IO) ̶IO integrates Electronic Warfare (EW), Computer Network Operations (CNO), and Psychological Operations (PSYOP). ̶ ̶Includes military deception and operational security (OPSEC). ̶ ̶Supports other military activities like civil affairs and public affairs. ̶ ̶Aims to degrade, disrupt, or influence adversary actions. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 20 Theoretical Foundations ̶Systems Theory: Viewing adversaries as complex adaptive systems ̶ ̶Network-Centric Warfare: Emphasizing information sharing and situational awareness ̶ ̶Cognitive Psychology: Understanding human decision-making processes and biases ̶ ̶Social Influence Theory: Leveraging principles of persuasion and attitude change Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 21 Evolving Paradigms ̶From Message-Centric to Behavior-Centric: Shifting focus from what is said to what actions are influenced ̶ ̶Narrative Warfare: Recognizing the power of compelling stories in shaping perceptions ̶ ̶Cognitive Maneuver: Moving beyond physical domains to operate in the cognitive space ̶ ̶Weaponized Information: Treating information as a form of "soft power" with tangible effects Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 22 Challenges for the U.S. in Adapting to IW ̶Balancing effectiveness with democratic values and international norms ̶ ̶Addressing the fine line between influence and manipulation ̶ ̶Considering long-term consequences of information operations on global stability ̶ ̶Navigating the challenges of attribution and plausible deniability in the information domain Adobe Systems 23 Russian approach to Information Warfare A person in a red hoodie Description automatically generated CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 24 Early Russian Approach to Information Warfare ̶Russian military divided IW into Information Technical and Information Psychological. ̶ ̶Information Technical: Focuses on cyberwarfare, including electronic countermeasures. ̶ ̶Information Psychological: Involves mass media, propaganda, and psychological tools. ̶ ̶Aimed at influencing public perception and morale. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 25 Evolution of Russian Information Warfare Doctrine ̶Post-2010: Shift towards unifying both aspects under a broader IW strategy. ̶ ̶Emphasizes IW as a constant activity, applicable in both peace and conflict. ̶ ̶Aims to secure national objectives by influencing adversaries’ information systems. ̶ ̶Focused on manipulating societal and psychological conditions. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 26 Defining Information Warfare in Russian Doctrine ̶Modern Russian doctrine views IW as a tool for achieving political, economic, and military goals. ̶ ̶IW is conducted continuously—during peace, crisis, and war. ̶ ̶Uses all resources to both attack adversaries’ information systems and defend its own. ̶ ̶Focus on influencing the opponent’s perceptions and actions Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 27 Objectives of Russian Information Warfare (Bolton, 2021) ̶Deep Penetration and Reflexive Control: Influences decision-making by distorting facts. ̶ ̶Creating Permissive Environments: Establishes narratives favorable to Russia. ̶ ̶Undermining Societal Stability: Weakens target societies, increasing Russia's relative power. ̶ ̶Applied in both peacetime and wartime to shape political outcomes. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 28 Key Elements of Russian Information Warfare ̶Uses disinformation, propaganda, and psychological manipulation. ̶ ̶Aims to exploit societal divisions and erode trust in institutions. ̶ ̶Targets both leadership and public perception to create confusion. ̶ ̶Seeks to weaken adversaries without direct military engagement. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 29 The Role of Reflexive Control in IW ̶Reflexive control is a core tactic in Russian IW. ̶ ̶Seeks to influence decision-making by introducing false premises. ̶ ̶Manipulates the target's understanding of reality to achieve desired outcomes. ̶ ̶Often employed covertly to mask true intentions. Adobe Systems 30 Chinese approach to Information Warfare CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 A map of china with a flag on it Description automatically generated Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 31 Chinese Perspective on Information Warfare ̶Distinguishes between "information war" (broader, ongoing process) and "information warfare" (specific operations) ̶ ̶Focuses on influencing adversary's will and capabilities across various situations ̶ ̶Views psychological warfare as a key component of modern warfare ̶ ̶Emphasizes the cognitive domain as a critical battlespace in future conflicts Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 32 Emerging Technologies in Chinese Information Warfare ̶Prioritizes advanced computing: big data and information processing ̶ ̶Explores brain science applications, particularly brain imaging ̶ ̶Investigates cognitive modeling to predict adversary decision-making ̶ ̶Continues interest in legacy concepts: sonic weapons, laser weapons, subliminal messaging, holograms ̶ ̶Aims to integrate AI for "intelligentized warfare" Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 33 Objectives and Applications of Chinese IW ̶Degrade adversary leadership decision-making ̶Weaken adversary troops‘ will to fight ̶Undermine adversary public support for war ̶Undermine adversary government from within ̶Support deterrence through manipulated content and cognitive modelling ̶Develop non-lethal weapons for psychological effects ̶Leverage social media manipulation for public opinion warfare Adobe Systems 34 Conclusions CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 35 Future Directions in Information Warfare ̶Increasing reliance on artificial intelligence for personalized psychological operations. ̶ ̶Growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) expands the attack surface for IW. ̶ ̶Enhanced data analytics enables precise targeting of information campaigns. ̶ ̶Potential for escalation as IW capabilities become more advanced and integrated. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 36 The Role of Information Warfare in Modern Conflicts ̶IW has become a central component of geopolitical competition. ̶ ̶Its effects are felt in both military and civilian domains. ̶ ̶Understanding IW is crucial for developing effective countermeasures. ̶ ̶Strategic integration of IW is essential for maintaining global influence and security. Adobe Systems CDSn4104 Hybrid Warfare | Mgr. Robin Burda, 460043 37 Thanks for your attention! Questions?