Public International Law
and
Human Rights
English I.4
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HW: Powell U18
Czech English
přípitek toast
dodržovat lidská práva observe human rights
propuštění vězňů release of prisoners
zrušení trestu smrti abolition of the death penalty
cenzura censorship
podat stížnost bring a complaint
bezdůvodné způsobení tělesného a
psychického utrpení
wanton infliction of physical and
mental suffering
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Discuss the following questions:
1. Who are the prisoners of conscience?
2. What was the reason for their imprisonment?
3. What is the main task of Amnesty International?
4. How does Amnesty International help?
5. Is it necessary to make people become aware of the
concept of human rights?
6. Do human rights go beyond the laws of one country?
7. Is there a difference between constitutional rights
of citizens and human rights?
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Find the synonyms in the text for the following :
 to go beyond the range or outside the range of stg.
 transcend
 not to satisfy
 fail to meet
 to declare without proof
 allege
 to lay or place
 impose
 to limit
 restrict
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Word formation – complete the table:
1. transcend
2. fail to meet
3. allege
4. impose
5. restrict
6. criticise
7. violate
8. sanction
9. intervene
10.cite
1. transcendence
2. failure
3. allegation
4. imposition
5. restriction
6. criticism
7. violation
8. sanction
9. intervention
10.citation
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Discuss the following questions:
1. What does China emphasize more than respecting
human rights?
 economic security and community solidarity
2. What do some Islamic states defend in order to
ensure a safe society?
 practices found in their religion – veiling of women,
cutting off the hands of thieves
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Abbreviations
 UDHR
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv
 ICCPR
 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
 Mezinárodní pakt o občanských a politických právech
 ECHR
 European Convention on Human Rights
 Úmluva o ochraně lidských práv a základních svobod,
(Evropská úmluva o lidských právech)
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UDHR
 Všichni lidé rodí se svobodní a sobě rovní co do
důstojnosti a práv …
 All human beings are born free and equal in their
dignity and rights
 Každý má všechna práva a všechny svobody, …bez
jakéhokoli rozlišování, zejména podle rasy, barvy,
pohlaví, jazyka, náboženství, …
 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms
…without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour,
sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other
status….
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UDHR
 Každý má právo na život, svobodu a osobní
bezpečnost.
 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
person.
 Nikdo nesmí být držen v otroctví nebo nevolnictví;
všechny formy otroctví a obchodu s otroky jsou
zakázány.
 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and
the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
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UDHR
 Nikdo nesmí být mučen nebo podrobován krutému,
nelidskému nebo ponižujícímu zacházení nebo trestu.
 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment
 Nikdo nesmí být svévolně zatčen, držen ve vazbě
nebo vyhoštěn do vyhnanství.
 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention
or exile.
 Každý má právo vlastnit majetek jak sám, tak spolu s
jinými.
 Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as
in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his property.
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UDHR
 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and
public hearing by an independent and impartial
tribunal…
 the right to express one‘s opinion
 the right to take part peacefully in assemblies
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ICCPR
 the equality of rights without the distinction of any
kind
 freedom from torture
 prohibition of slavery
 freedom of movement
 freedom of thought, conscience and religion
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ECHR
 Obligation to respect HR
 R to life
 P of torture
 P of slavery and forced labour
 R to liberty and security of person
 R to a fair trial
 No punishment without law
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ECHR
 R to respect for private and family life
 F of thought, conscience and religion
 F of expression
 F of assembly and association
 R to marry
 R to an effective remedy
 P of discrimination
 ………….
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Human Rights
 What are human rights?
 Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings,
whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or
ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status.
We are all equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. These rights are all interrelated,
interdependent and indivisible.
 What are human rights guaranteed by?
 Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed
by law, in the forms of treaties, customary international law,
general principles and other sources of international law.
International human rights law lays down obligations of
Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain
acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and
fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
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Human Rights – current issues
What are some current human rights issues?
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/ListofIssues.aspx
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Human Rights Violations
1. nezajistily
2. řízení o svěření dítěte do
péče
3. právo na respektování
rodinného života
4. an effective remedy
5. a fair hearing
6. v přiměřené lhůtě
7. arrested on suspicion
8. brought criminal
proceedings
9. šetření stale neskončilo
10. špatné zacházení ve vazbě
11. inhuman and degrading
12. prosecuted for armed
robbery
13. contracts of sale
14. zproštěn obžaloby
odvolacím osudem
15. rozsudky nepřiznávající
jejich nárok
16. nájemci a společníci
17. obtain damages
18. severe bodily harm
19. újma způsobená nedbalostí
20. brought an action
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 What does Public International Law deal with?
 What is Private International Law concerned with?
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Public International Law
deals with
questions of rights between several nations or nations
and the citizens of other nations
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Private International Law
is concerned with
controversies between private persons, natural or
juridical, arising out of situations having significant
relationship to more than one nation
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Abbreviations II: What do the abbreviations stand for?
 ICJ
 The International Court of Justice
 ICC
 The International Criminal Court
 ICTY
 The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugolsavia
 UNHCR
 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
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the International Court of Justice
 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the hlavní
soudní organ of the United Nations (UN). It was
established in June 1945 by the Chartou OSN and
began work in April 1946.
 The sídlo of the Court is at the Peace Palace in
město? (země?). Of the six principal organs of the
United Nations, it is the only one not located in New
York (United States of America).
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the International Court of Justice
 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the
principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It
was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the
United Nations and began work in April 1946.
 The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The
Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of
the United Nations, it is the only one not located in
New York (United States of America).
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the International Court of Justice
 The Court’s role is to řešit, in souladu with
international law, legal disputes předložené to it by
States and to give poradenské opinions on legal
questions postoupené to it by authorized United
Nations organs and specialized agencies.
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the International Court of Justice
 The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with
international law, legal disputes submitted to it by
States and to give advisory opinions on legal
questions referred to it by authorized United Nations
organs and specialized agencies.
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the International Court of Justice
 how many? judges
 ????-year terms of office
 elected by ???? and ????
 sit independently
 qualifications for the highest judicial offices
 jurists of recognized competence in IL
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the International Court of Justice
 15 judges
 nine-year terms of office
 elected by the United Nations General Assembly and
the Security Council
 sit independently
 qualifications for the highest judicial offices
 jurists of recognized competence in IL
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Jurisdiction of the ICJ
 the Court is competent to entertain a dispute only if
the States concerned have accepted its jurisdiction in
one or more of the following ways:
 by the conclusion between them of a special
agreement to submit the dispute to the Court
 by virtue of a jurisdictional clause
 through the reciprocal effect of declarations made by
them under the Statute
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The International Criminal Court (ICC)
 The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an nezávislý,
stálý court that soudí persons obviněné z the most
serious crimes of international concern, namely
genocida, zločiny proti lidskosti and válečné zločiny.
The ICC is based on a mezinárodní smlouva, joined by
122 countries (effective as of 1 May 2013).
 The ICC is a court of nejvyšší instance. It will not act if
a case is se šetří or je o něm vedeno soudní řízení by
a national judicial system unless the national
proceedings are not genuine, for example if formal
proceedings were undertaken solely to shield a person
from criminal responsibility. In addition, the ICC only
tries those accused of the nejzávažnější crimes.
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The International Criminal Court (ICC)
 The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an
independent, permanent court that tries persons
accused of the most serious crimes of international
concern, namely genocide, crimes against humanity
and war crimes. The ICC is based on a treaty, joined by
122 countries (effective as of 1 May 2013).
 The ICC is a court of last resort. It will not act if a case
is investigated or prosecuted by a national judicial
system unless the national proceedings are not genuine,
for example if formal proceedings were undertaken
solely to shield a person from criminal responsibility. In
addition, the ICC only tries those accused of the gravest
crimes.
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the Rome Statute of the ICC
 In all of its activities, the ICC observes the highest
standards of fairness and due process. The
jurisdiction and functioning of the ICC are governed
by the Rome Statute.
 legal status and powers of the Court
 crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court
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the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugoslavia
 to bring to justice persons allegedly responsible for
violations of international humanitarian law
 to render justice to the victims
 to deter further crimes
 to contribute to the restoration of peace by
promoting reconciliation in the former Yugoslavia
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the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugoslavia
 grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Convention
 violations of the laws and customs of war
 genocide
 crimes against humanity
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees was založena on December 14, 1950 by the
United Nations valné shromáždění. The agency is
mandated to lead and co-ordinate international action
to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems po
celém světě. Its primary purpose is to safeguard the
rights and well-being of refugees. It strives to ensure
that everyone can uplatňovat právo to žádat o azyl and
find safe útočiště in another State, with the option to
return home voluntarily, integrate locally or to resettle
in a third country. It also has a mandate to help bez
státního občanství people.
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees was established on December 14, 1950 by the
United Nations General Assembly. The agency is
mandated to lead and co-ordinate international action
to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems
worldwide. Its primary purpose is to safeguard the
rights and well-being of refugees. It strives to ensure
that everyone can exercise the right to seek asylum
and find safe refuge in another State, with the option
to return home voluntarily, integrate locally or to
resettle in a third country. It also has a mandate to help
stateless people.
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1. The ICJ ……………………………………... (decide) in accordance with international
treaties and conventions in force, international custom, the general principles
of law and, as subsidiary means, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most
highly qualified publicists.
2. 138 judgments ……………………………………... (delivered) since 1946.
3. The jurisdiction of the ICC shall ……………………………………... (limit) to the most
serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole.
4. The ICC will have jurisdiction only over crimes committed after 1 July 2002,
when the statute ……………………………………... (enter) into force.
5. Personal jurisdiction of the ICTY ……………………………………... (exercise) only over
natural persons and not over organizations, political parties, administrative
entities or other legal persons.
6. Many legal issues now adjudicated by the ICTY ……………………………………... (never,
adjudicate) or ……………………………………... (lie) dormant since the Nuremberg or
Tokyo trials.
7. UNHCR ……………………………………... (promote) international refugee agreements
and ……………………………………... (monitor) government compliance with
international refugee law.
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Translate
1. uprchlík
2. pronásledování
3. žadatel o azyl
4. sloučení rodiny
5. dočasně X trvale
rukojmí
6. bezvízový vstup
7. bezprecedentní
porušování
8. dlouhodobý pobyt
9. povolení k pobytu
1. refugee
2. persecution
3. asylum-seeker
4. family reunification
5. temporary x permanent
hostage
6. visa-free entry
7. unprecedented
violation
8. long-term residence
9. residence permit
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Define
 human right
 civil right
 prisoner of conscience
 political asylum
 racial discrimination
 gender discrimination
 genocide
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References:
 www.google.com
 http://www.icc-cpi.int
 http://www.icj-cij.org/court
 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/ListofIssues.aspx
 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.a
spx
 http://www.unhcr.org
 Chromá, Marta. Czech-English law dictionary. Leda, 2001.
 Chromá, Marta. English-Czech law dictionary. Leda, 1997.
 Chromá, M. New Introduction to Legal English Volume I. Praha :
Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2003.562 p.
 Powell, R. Law Today. Longman Group UK Limited, 1993. 128p.
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