Property Rights in
Media Law
MVV60K Media Law
Matěj Myška
2 Comparison
Copyright
• Common law
• Work for hire
• Protects the investor
Droit d’auter
• Civil law
• Moral rights
• Protects the author
3 Legal Framework
Berne Convention
Rome Convention
TRIPS
WCT
WPPT
4 European Copyright Law
• Directive 92/100/EEC – Directive on rental right and lending right
and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of
intellectual property
• Directive 93/83/EEC – Directive on the coordination of certain rules
concerning copyright and related rights to copyright
applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission
• Directive 93/98/EEC – Directive harmonizing the term of protection
of copyright and certain related rights
• Directive 96/9/EC – Directive on the legal protection of databases
• Directive 2001/29/EC – Directive on the harmonization of certain
aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society
• Directive 2001/84/EC – Directive on the resale right for the benefit
of the author of an original work
• Directive 2009/24/EC – Directive on the legal protection of
computer programs
5 Works protected
Literary
Scientific
Artistic
• unique outcome of
the creative activity
• expressed in any
objectively
perceivable manner
• (originality)
• NOT official/folk.
works
6 Rights protected
Moral rights
• PERSONAL LINK
• Paternity
• Integrity
• Divulgation
Economic Rights
• REWARD
• Reproduction
• Making available
• Distribution
• Public performance
• Translation
• Adaptation
7 Duration of terms
• 70y 
• Post mortem protection
8 Related rights
Performers
Producers of phonograms
Broadcasters
Audiovisual fixation producers
9 Related rights
• International Convention for the
Protection of Performers, Producers of
Phonograms and Broadcasting
Organizations (1961)
• WPPT
• Rights granted
– Fixation
– Reproduction
– Re-broadcasting
• 50 y 
10 Copyrights infringement
•Civil
•Administrative
•Criminal
Measures
and
remedies
11 Civil
• Damages
• Unjust enrichment
• Satisfaction
• Decision
publication
Court
121/2000
40/1964
12 Administrative
•Fine
•Up to 150K
Administrative
body
500/2004
121/2000
13 Criminal
• Imprisonment
• max 8y
• Financial penalty
• Max 36,5 mil. CZK
• Disqualification
• Forfeiture
Court
40/2009
14 Enforcement of IP
• Act. No. 191/1999 Coll. on Some Measures Regarding Import,
Export and Reimport of Goods Infringing Certain Intellectual
Property Rights and on Amendment to Certain Acts
15 Exceptions
• scientific use
• library and archive use
• educational use / teaching
• users with handicap
• quotation
• private use
16 What happened?
Digitalization
Distributed
communication
Disintermediation
17 The “Pre-Internet” Model
http://www.slideshare.net/gangofour/the-music-industry-business-mode
18 The “Net” Model
http://www.slideshare.net/gangofour/the-music-industry-business-mode
19 4 strategies – Copyright Wars
• Copyright wars
– Lobbying
– Education
– Litigation
– Self-Help = DRM
20 In “legalese”
 a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of
depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or
the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and
directed:
 (i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or
property on board such ship or aircraft;
 (ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction
of any State;
 (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a
ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a
pirate ship or aircraft;
 (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act
described in subparagraph (a) or (b)
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
21 Litigation
The Pirate Bay Case
• ISP providers?
Jammie Thomas-Rasset
• Playlist of the century
22 Playlist of the century
• Guns N Roses "Welcome to the Jungle"; "November Rain"
• Vanessa Williams "Save the Best for Last"
• Janet Jackson "Let’s What Awhile"
• Gloria Estefan "Here We Are"; "Coming Out of the Heart"; "Rhythm is Gonna Get You"
• Goo Goo Dolls "Iris"
• Journey "Faithfully"; "Don’t Stop Believing"
• Sara McLachlan "Possession"; "Building a Mystery"
• Aerosmith "Cryin’"
• Linkin Park "One Step Closer"
• Def Leppard "Pour Some Sugar on Me"
• Reba McEntire "One Honest Heart"
• Bryan Adams "Somebody"
• No Doubt "Bathwater"; "Hella Good"; "Different People"
• Sheryl Crow "Run Baby Run"
• Richard Marx "Now and Forever"
• Destiny’s Child "Bills, Bills, Bills"
• Green Day "Basket Case"
23 Copyright infringement damages
• $62,500 for each song
•1,5 mil $
24 DRM = TPM + RMI
• DRM – digital rights management
– TPM – technological protection measures
– RMI – rights managements information
• TPM protected by law
• Copy control
• Access Control
• Art 6. EUCD
• § 43 czCA
24
25 2001: EU – InfoSoc Directive
• Effective TPM protection
– Art. 6(1) – Acts of circumvention
– Art. 6(2) – Dealings in circumvention devices
– Art. 6(3) – Definition - effective
– Art. 6(4) – © exemptions measures
• Art. 7 Protection for RMI
25
26 Definition
• any technology, device or component that, in the
normal course of its operation, is designed to prevent
or restrict acts, in respect of works or other subjectmatter,
which are not authorised by the rightholder of
any copyright or any right related to copyright as
provided for by law or the sui generis right provided for
in Chapter III of Directive 96/9/EC.
• Technological measures shall be deemed "effective"
where the use of a protected work or other subjectmatter
is controlled by the rightholders through
application of an access control or protection process,
such as encryption, scrambling or other transformation
of the work or other subject-matter or a copy control
mechanism, which achieves the protection objective.
27 Private copying
• Three step test
• Fair compensation
• Legality of source
copy
• NO SOFTWARE
• in certain special
cases specified herein
and only if
• the use of a work in
such special cases
shall not conflict with
the normal exploitation
of the work and
• shall not unreasonably
prejudice the
legitimate interests of
the author.
28 2 WAYS
FREE PAID
29 Open Content
Soft Arts Science
30 Creative Commons
• 2000
• 2009 in CZ
• Public license
• Sec. 46 CzCA
31
PAID ALTERNATIVE
Gerd
Leonhard’s
Flat Fee Model
32
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Euro_coins_and_banknotes.jpg
USERS
REGISTRAR
ACTUAL
USE
AUTHORS
33
RECAPITULATION
What have we learned today?
34 Conclusion
• MIND THE COPY
• Sharing is caring
– …of you works (CC)
• Otherwise
– No uploading
– Downloading uncertain (3 step test)
• NOT SOFTWARE
Thank you for your
attention!
matej.myska@law.muni.cz