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CZECH FAMILY LAW
II.
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
© Zdeňka Králíčková
Radovan Dávid
2015

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WEAKENING MARRIAGE,
PARENTAGE AND FAMILY LIFE  after 1989?
nrejecting/delaying marriage
nlow fertility rate: 1.2 child per woman
nmarital instability: high divorce rate
nincrease of quasi-marital unions: both homo- and hetero-sexual
nincrease of children born out of wedlock: more than 30%
nincrease of one-person households: 10%
nnew problems: baby-boxes, „secret“ child births
nincrease of international child abductions
n
n                     for more see www.czso.cz

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Chart: Marriages and divorces, 1950-2009

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Chart: Percentage of extra-marital births, 1950-2009

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THE NATURE OF MARRIAGE (CC No. 89/2012 Coll.)
npermanent cohabitation of a man and a woman
nthe same sex couples are not allowed to get married
n   ►matrimonium putativum
n ►since 1. 7. 2006 registered partnership
n
n

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IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE  (672 – 679 CC)
nINFANCY (under 16 years: no ?, 16 – 18: permission)
nTHE SAME SEX
nPRIOR MARRIAGE - REGISTERED PARTNERSHIP
nBLOOD AND ADOPTIVE RELATIONSHIP
n   (siblings, ascendents – descendents)
nMENTAL ILLNESS AND INCAPACITY
n
nPROBLEMS:
nMATRIMONIUM NULLUM (court decision, effects: § 680 NCC)
nMATRIMONIUM PUTATIVUM (ex lege: § 677 NCC)
n

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obligatory pre-matrimonial  preparatory proceedings  by register office ► documents, forms ► the
aim: valid marriage
nFOR CIVIL WEDDING
ndate
nFOR CHURCH WEDDING
ncertification

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CONCLUSION OF MARRIAGE
mutual consent
nCIVIL WEDDING § 657 CC)
n
nbefore municipality authorised to keep registers (some exceptions)
nCHURCH WEDDING (§ 657 CC)
n
nbefore a church or a congregation registered by the state and with special rights (21)
n
ncertificate not older then 3 months isssued by register office (state) within obligatory
pre-matrimonial  preparatory proceedings
nrecord in  the state register is obligatory

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CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS OF CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES
IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nSPECIAL RIGHTS FOR RELIGIOUS WEDDINGS
n
nAPOSTOLIC CHURCH
nBAPTIST UNION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nSEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS CHURCH
nEVANGELICAL BRETHREN CHURCH
nCZECHOSLOVAK HUSSITE CHURCH
nCHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS
nGREEK CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC EXARCHATE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
nEVANGELICAL CHURCH OF THE CZECH BRETHREN
nEVANGELICAL CHURCH OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nEVANGELICAL METHODIST CHURCH
n
nFEDERATION OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nMORAVIAN CHURCH (UNITAS FRATRUM)
nBRETHREN ASSEMBLIES
nEVANGELICAL (LUTHERAN) CHURCH OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nRELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF CZECH UNITARIANS
nRELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES
nNEW APOSTOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE CZECH LANDS
nSILESIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION
nOLD CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
n

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n NO SPECIAL RIGHTS FOR RELIGIOUS WEDDINGS
n
nCHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP CHURCH
nCZECH HINDU RELIGIOUS SOCIETY
nCHRISTIAN COMMUNITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
nCENTRE OF ISLAMIC COMMUNITIES
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n

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FAMILY SURNAMES (CC: § 660)
nNAVRÁTILOVÁ
n
n
nNAVRÁTILOVÁ
nno change for her, children: after mother or after father
nLENDLOVÁ
ncommon family surname
nLENDLOVÁ NAVRÁTILOVÁ
ndouble surname for her
n
n
nLENDL
n
n
nLENDL
nno change for him, children:  after mother or after father
nNAVRÁTIL
n common family surname
nNAVRÁTIL LENDL
ndouble surname for him

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PERSONAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SPOUSES
(CC: 687-689)
nEQUALITY (since 1920, thanks to the Constitution)
n
nto live together, to be faithful to each other, to mutually respect their honour and human
dignity, to help each other and to represent each other and duty to create healthy living
environment and background

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MARITAL PROPERTY LAW:
JOINT PROPERTY OF SPOUSES (CC: § 708 et seq.)
nlegal scope
n
nassets acquired by spouses during marriage (exceptions)
nliabilities incurred  by spouses during marriage (exceptions)

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nMAINTENANCE DUTY (CC: § 697)
n                  THE SAME LIVING STANDARD
n
n

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DIVORCE LAW (CC: § 755 et seq.)
nONE GROUND:
nBREAKDOWN:
n     „matrimony is so deeply  and permanently
n      disturbed that  re-cohabitation cannot be
n      expected“
n
nNO SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS:
n  on the motion of one of spouses
n  spouse x spouse

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DIVORCE WITH MINOR CHILDREN  (CC: § 755)
n
n    DECISION ON CHILDREN:
n    a) agreement between the parents  approwed by court  or
n    b) court´s decision
n                                   on
n          CUSTODY (INDIVIDUAL, COMMON, ALTERNATIVE) (no: residence)
n          MAINTENANCE (no time limit, cluasula rebus sic stantibus)
n          VISITING RIGHTS

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MAINTENANCE DUTY after divorce (CC: § 760 - 763)
nADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
ninability to provide for his/her maintenance from his/her own sources
nCaused by marriage
nno time limits (in general)
nclausula rebus sic stantibus:
§new marriage
§pension
nTHE SAME LIVING STANDARD
nnot taking part in breakdown
nsuffering
harm due to the divorce
n
n3 years limit