GLOBAL
WARMING
Ilona Jančářová
2017
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Greenhouse
Gases (GG)
CAUSES OF THE WARMING
a) Human activities
 Burning of fossil fuels
 Way of land use (deforestation)
 Farming etc.
b) Natural activities
 Decomposition
 Forest fires
 Vulcanic activities
 Changes of the Sun
 Water vapor
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
SOURCES OF CO2
CONSEQUENCES ….
CONSEQUENCES ….
CONSEQUENCES ….
CONSEQUENCES ….
CONSEQUENCES …
On November 6, 2012, Donald Trump tweeted: "The
concept of global warming was created by and for
the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing
non-competitive."
On October 19, 2015, he then tweeted: "It's really
cold outside, they are calling it a major freeze,
weeks ahead of normal. Man, we could use a big
fat dose of global warming!"
Donald Trump
On climate
change
INTERNATIONAL BACKGROUND
 CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
(Rio de Janeiro 1992)
 Protokol (Kyoto 1997) - 5% reductions
 European - wide GG emission reduction target:
8% during the period 2008 - 2012 comparing to
1990 levels
 (burden sharing for EU MS)
INTERNATIONAL BACKGROUND
Doha Amendment 2012
 new obligations for MS in Annex I for the 2nd
period (2013-2020)
 18% reductions
 revision of the list of GG
COP 21- Paris 2015
 new global Climate Change Convention
 new obligations for the period 2020 ….
 voluntary national reductions – EU 40% 2030
EU LEGISLATION ON
CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Legislation on emission reductions
2. Legislation on energy efficiency
3. Legislation on renewable sources of energy
Energy and climate package:
 20% GG abatement target
 20% renewable energy target by 2020
 20% energy efficiency target
Implementing the Kyoto
Protocol in the EU
20% GG reduction target:
 Emission trading
 Joint implementation of obligation to
reduce GG emissions
 Clean Development Mechanisms
The emissions trading
system (EU ETS)
 Emission limit values levels allocated to the
Community and each of its Member States
 Monitoring mechanism
 monitoring anthropogenic GG emissions
 evaluating the progress made by MS and the EU
 setting up the national and European registries and
programs
 ensuring timely, transparent and correct reporting
The emissions trading
system (EU ETS)
 Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme
for greenhouse gas emission allowance
trading within the Community
 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1031/2010
on the timing, administration and other aspects
of auctioning of greenhouse gas emission
allowances pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC
The emissions trading
system (EU ETS)
 Commission Regulation (EU) No 389/2013
establishing a Union Registry pursuant to
Directive 2003/87/EC
 Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 on
the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse
gas emissions pursuant to Directive
2003/87/EC
Energy and climate
package - renewables
 20% renewable energy target to be attained in
2020
 Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of
the use of energy from renewable sources
 target to be reached by 2020 for the EU is a share of
20% energy from renewable sources in gross final
consumption of energy.
 each MS has its own 2020 binding target
Energy and climate
package - energy efficiency
Directive 2012/27/EU on energy
efficiency
 To enhance cost-effective improvements
in energy efficiency
 Applies to companies involved in the
distribution and sale of energy and final
consumers of energy. It does not apply to
companies subject to the EU ETS (ET Directive)
Energy and climate
package - energy efficiency
Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy
performance of buildings
 Calculation of energy efficiency
 Minimum energy efficiency requirements
 Energy performance certificate
Legislation on other
activities
 Directive 2009/31/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 23 April
2009 on the geological storage of
carbon dioxide
 3 phases – capture, transportation,
permanent storage
Legislation on other
activities
Directive 2009/30/EC (amending Directive
98/70/EC) as regards the specification of petrol,
diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism
to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
 Rules on the specification various fuels have
to meet so that they can be marketed
throughout the EU
Legislation on other
activities
Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of
16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse
gases (F- gases)
 Rules on use, containment, recovery and
destruction of F- gases
Literature:
Jančářová, Ilona: Legal Aspects of Global Warming.
Amsterdam Law Forum, Amsterdam : Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Library, 2/2010, 2, od s. 51-60, 10 s. ISSN 1876-8156. 2010. URL
VOMÁČKA, Vojtěch a Ilona JANČÁŘOVÁ. Transboundary Impact
Assessment from the Central European Perspective. Czech Yearbook of
International Law, Huntington USA: Juris Publishing, Inc., 2012, roč. 3, č.
2012, s. 19-37. ISSN 2157-2976.
Jančářová, Ilona: Vzájemný vztah obchodování s povolenkami na emise
skleníkových plynů a integrovaného povolování.
In Tkáčiková Jana (Ed.). Ekonomické nástroje v právu životního
prostředí. Brno : Masarykova univerzita, 2010. od s. 84-90, 7 s.