Legal Personality and Family
JUDr. Mgr. Radek Černoch, Ph.D., Department of the History of the State and Law
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Legal personality
§Human persons
§Next slides
§Legal persons
§Municipia, State
§Churches and charities
§Collegia
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Caput
§Status libertatis
§Status civitatis
§Status familiae (cognatio/agnatio)
§
§Status illaesae existimationis (infamia, turpitudo)
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Capitis deminutio
§Maxima
§Media
§Minima
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Slaves
§Servus nullum caput habet.
§A thing (object of legal actions), not legal person (subject of law)
§Enslavement: Birth, Capture, Punishment, Sale by pater familias
§Ius postliminii (fictio legis Corneliae)
§Peculium
§Release (see next slide)
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Freedmen – liberti(ni)
§Release (manumissio): vindicta (assertor libertatis), census, testament (lex Fufia Caninia),
church, informal (epistula or inter amicos, but still anything obtained belongs to the master)
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Citizenship
§Commercium, connubium, testamenti factio
§Gain: Birth, Formal manumission, Grant (veterani, constitutio Antoniniana) §Sui/alieni iuris (next
slide), men/women (ius trium/quattuor liberorum), ingenui/libertini
§Latini
§Peregrini
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Pater familias
§acquires everything
§Potestas
§Ius vitae necisque
§Emancipation
§Adoptio/arrogatio
§Manus
§filiae loco, dowry
§See next slide for marriage
§Mancipium
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Marriage
§Conubium, concubinatus, affectio maritalis, cum/sine in manum conventione §Impedimenta matrimonii
(absolute: age, existing marriage, physical/psychical incapacity,… relative: status/occupation,
consanguinity (no lineal, collaterals: Claudius married his niece Agrippina), agnatio, religion,
tutorship,…
§Coemptio, confarreatio, usus
§Contrarius actus: Repudium (one-sidedly by man)/divortium (agreement or iustae causae)
§
Valeatis…
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