Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Bird Strike Control and
Reduction in JAPAN
Tomoya Miyoshi
Civil Aviation Bureau (CAB),
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT),
JAPAN
ICAO Wildlife Hazard Management Seminar
Singapore, 14–16 May, 2014
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Outline
Bird Strike Control and Reduction system in JAPAN
- Organization
- Current Efforts
- Program
Bird Detecting System in Tokyo INTL Airport (HANEDA)
-Background
-Design Concept
-Composition (presented by NEC on camera system)
-Screen Image
-Evaluation plan on Operation
2
Bird Strike Control and Reduction in JAPAN
Introduction – Recorded Bird Strike
3
Introduction - 1
- Approximately 1900 BS reported in 2013.
- 89 Civilian airports and 8 airports in Civilian-military joint use.
The number of bird strikes in JAPAN.
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 year
BS reported
1617 1745 1599 1710
1903
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
4
Introduction - 2
The number of Damaged Aircraft caused by bird strikes in JAPAN .
-In 2012, 3 cases are Aircraft Accident of severe damage.
year
45 49
59
48
66
1
3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Aircraft Accident Damaged Aircraft
5
Introduction - 3
The number of bird strikes in JAPAN per 10,000 movements.
(21 Airports at 2013) (Other Airports)
year
5.16
4.67 5.01 4.71
5.22
11.03
10.51
8.31
11.89 11.63
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
With Bird Patrol Without Bird Patrol
Committee to examine measures for BS prevention in Japan
Work
together
Wildlife strike prevention program
Regional CAB
Airport operations Manual
/Guidance materials
Committee for BS prevention at the airport.
Organization
CAB,HQ
Various activities
Local Committee at Airports
Regulatory Authorities
Bird Patrol
Habitat Control
ICAO（（（（IBIS））））
Covered by
Net
Direct instruction
Advice Instruction
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Propane cannons
Bird Sweeping
National Committee
【Member】
Wildlife Control Specialists
Aircraft Operators
Ministry of the Environment
Ministry of Defense
Civil Aviation Bureau
Airport Administrator
Bird Patrol Officer
【Member】
Airport Administrator
Air Traffic Controller/ Flight Operation Information Unit
Airport/Navigation Facility Management Unit
Local Government
Aircraft Operator
Terminal Building Management Company
Bird Patrol Officer, etc.
US Airways Accident
Bird Strike Accident
Current Efforts by National Committee
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Improving the control system
(Especially at night)
Strengthening leadership of the
Committee
Bird Strike Information Sharing Site
Bird Species Identification by DNA
or Feather Analysis
Installation of Bird Detecting
System at HANEDA
Raising the level of control program of
the nationwide airports
Introduction of control equipment for
night operation
Problem
BS occurred : 39% at Night, Dusk, Dawn
◆ 60% of BS occurred are by unknown bird species.
HANEDA has the highest BS events in Japan. (ca. 10%)
Improving the monitoring system on
the ecology of bird
Improvement Policy
8
Habitat Control
Airport Administrator/Operator
Bird Sweeping
Water area
Removing grass
Grass area
Lines over water
Nest Management
Cutting trees
Vegetation at or around Airport
Bird Patrol
Distress-call and nosegenerating
system
Bird Strike Control Program - 1
Environmental Assessment (Food, Water and Shelter)
Pyrotechnic
Birds Moving Route
9
Bird Strike Control Program - 2
Collect BS Report from aircraft operators
by INTERNET.
→Afterward, airport administrator add the
missing information, for example “Bird
species”
All stakeholders can access the BS
Database anytime.
Bird Strike Information Sharing Site
Sharing various information and
documentation with all stakeholders
・Manuals
・Statistical Information
・Best Practices etc.
https://bird.cab.mlit.go.jp/
- A purpose of this site is collecting the reports of the bird strike that occurred in Japan
by Internet, and sharing various information about bird strike with all stakeholders.
10
Bird Strike Control Program - 3
Bird Species Identification by DNA or Feather Analysis
-In order to implement the measures depending on the bird species, we identify BS
occurred bird species by DNA or feather analysis fm 2010.
BS occurs, collecting the residue from Runway or the aircraft
Feather analysis
(a part of bird body)
-Compare to the residue and specimen
DNA analysis
-Analyze the DNA from residue and compare to
the DNA DB
(blood, bone,
feather etc..)
Send the residue to the research organization which
contracted
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Raising the level of control program of the nationwide airports
Guidance material revised 2014
-This Guidance will help Airport Administrator to plan bird control program at each Airport
The past Guidance was made in 1998
RevisedRevisedRevisedRevised
Contents
Outline of Bird Strike Control and Reduction system
◆ Effort and recommendations of the committee so far
◆ Best Practice
◆ Reflection of ICAO Doc 9137 Part 3 revised 2012
Direct instruction by National Committee
If necessary, National Committee specialists visit
the airport, and give direct instructions to Local Committee.
・・
・
For Example
◆Effective way of Bird patrol
◆Habitat control to be implemented
Bird Strike Control Program - 4
BIRDS
Birds position Information Radar Display System (BIRDS)
Installation at 2012 in Tokyo INTL Airport /RJTT (HANEDA)
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2V+H+C
V+C
V+H
C
Runway
16L/34R: 3,000 x 60m
04/22: 2,500 x 60m
16R/34L: 3,000 x 60m
05/23: 2,500 x 60m
(05/23 was installed 2010)
Hours of Operation
24 Hours
Number of Traffic
447,000per year
(Approx 1,200flights/day)
Tokyo INTL Airport /RJTT (HANEDA)
BIRDS
V ：Vertical radar 4
H :Horizontal radar 2
C :Camera 3
Noise generating system 3
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New RWY
Program
Bird Patrol Habitat Control
Background
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Problem & Background
BS occurred : 39% at Night, Dusk, Dawn
New RWY was installed In 2010
INTL Night Flights were increasing
Considering with National Committee
Purpose: To implement year-round BS preventive action
Bird Patrol applied 24HRs
Monitoring Bird Movement in and around airport CONSTANTLY
Introduction of new DEVICE to prevent Night BS
Examination for NEW technology
1%
60%
4%
34%
1%
DAWN
DAY
DUSK
NIGHT
UNK
143
171
237
175
201
0
50
100
150
200
250
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
The number of BS at HANEDA
Percentage of occurrence time at HANEDA
year
BS reported
Tactical Approach
(Short term – real time monitoring)
Ability to detect birds flying at higher altitudes by using radar
technologies.
Ability to detect activity of birds near ground level and low altitudes by
using cameras.
Providing real time information for bird patrollers.
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Design Concept
Strategic Approach
(Long term – data analysis)
Better understanding of bird activity (spatial and temporal) at airport.
Data for improving the effectiveness of bird habitat control for safer
operations and reduction of bird strikes.
Data Processing
Device
【【【【Birds Patroller (Outside) 】】】】Camera
High Sensitivity Camera(x3)
Radar
H-Radar（（（（x2)V-Radar(x4)
Noise generating
system
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Composition
Mobile Tablet
Camera
monitor
Operation
Terminal
Printer
Data processing
Maintenance
Monitoring
【【【【 AD administrator
/ Birds Patroller’s office】】】】
◆ SYSTEM consists in combination of Radar and Camera.
→Camera cover the area where radar is not able to cover: ground level and very low altitude.
◆Mobile Tablet terminals provide real time information to Bird Patrollers.
Screen Image
■■■■Horizontal Radar
■■■■Vertical Radar
Duck ５
Close
Species Number
Date/time observed
2010/07/07 09:49：40
Point of observed
35°54’N 139°80’E
■■■■Birds species registration
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*Birds patrol officer input
observation records with
mobile tablet.
■Birds camera monitoring
Significant Monitoring
Area
(ALERM RINGING)
Birds detecting Symbol
Strength RCS> ●、●、●> weak RCS
Vertical RCS ●
Check
Flying Altitude
Watch Birds
(if able specified
birds species)
L R
Initial Phase
Mastery of the usage, for example,
learning the capability of the radars and
cameras
Adjustment of RCS levels suitable for
the weather and environment
characteristics of the airport.
Accumulation of observation records
of the bird patrollers and of detection
information of the radars and cameras.
Analysis of the accumulated data for
habitat control.
Improving efficiency of bird patrol (with
mobile tablet)
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Evaluation Plan on operation
Initial PhaseInitial Phase
Operational
Trial Phase
Operational
Trial Phase
Reduction
BS Phase
(PLANNED)
Reduction
BS Phase
(PLANNED)
Operational Trial Phase
Study of further analytical methods of
the accumulated data, for implementation
and evaluation of effective and efficient
bird strike control program.
Assisting bird patrol activity by realtime
monitoring.
Using of the statistics function of
camera, which was developed after initial
phase.
Reduction BS Phase (PLANNED)
“Speedy Bird Sweeping”
“Proactive Control with data analysis”
Camera and image processing
High sensitivity camera
▐ Automatic bird detection through image processing
▐ Ability to capture/store video images
▐ Automatic rotation
▐ Manual pan and tilt zoom for visual confirmation
Performance Type of
Camera
Full High Definition
The Number of
Pixels
1,920 x 1,080 pixel
Frame Rate 30 fps
Lens Focus Range 16.7 mm-1,000 mm
Image Processing
Function
Automatic detection of moving birds
through image processing
© NEC Corporation 2014Page 19
Two ways of operation: automatic vs. manual mode
▌ Automatic mode: automatic monitoring and detection of moving birds
▌ Manual mode: ability to control PAN/TILT/ZOOM/IRIS for visual confirmation
▌ Manual mode: DB registration of bird data (species, location, deterrence method)
Camera and image processing
AUTO PAN
ZOOM
© NEC Corporation 2014Page 20
Camera and image processing
Video Capture
Image Correction
Differential image
processing
Filtering process
Form analysis
(Comparison)
Object classification
(Bird detection)
Distortion compensation for skew, etc.
Extraction of moving objects by subtraction of
serial images after compensation
Original image Subtracted image
▐ Advantage of utilizing advanced image processing techniques
Skewed image Distortion compensated image
Bird candidate extraction
© NEC Corporation 2014Page 21
▐ Advantage of utilizing advanced image processing techniques
Video Capture
Image Correction
Differential image
processing
Filtering process
Form analysis
(Comparison)
Object classification
(Bird detection)
Bird DB
• Extraction of the information representing birds
• Comparison between bird candidate and DB
Birds
Other objects
?
?
Bird candidate
Bird DB
Camera and image processing
© NEC Corporation 2014Page 22
Camera and image processing （Statistic graph 1/2）
▌ Based on the data from the log files, such as camera’s direction and time of bird
detection, it is possible to create statistic graphs for better understanding of allocation of
birds. The statistic data can be divided by camera direction (every 10 or 2 degrees) or
time (every 1 hour or 5 minutes).
▌ The statistic graphs can be visually supported by background images, taken in advance
by bird detection camera, displayed in both combined 360-degree or 30-degree view.
Sample 1: Statistic graph showing data taken at 10- degree interval captured from 5AM to 6PM. Supported by 360-degree combined image view.
© NEC Corporation 2014Page 23
Detectionrate
(Framerate)
Direction
Time
Numberofdetectiontimes
Camera and image processing （Statistic graph 2/2）
Sample 2: Statistic graph showing data taken from 10AM to 11AM within range of 30-degrees (from 120 to 150 degrees) at 2-degree interval.
Supported by 30-degree image view.
▌ The operator can extract the camera log file according to preferred time and
direction for more detailed analysis.
© NEC Corporation 2014Page 24
Numberofdetectiontimes
Direction
Time
Thank you
for your attention !!!
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