URINARY SYSTEM

   1. What does the urinary system consist of? Name the organs.

   

   

   

   2. Complete the text with the words from the box.

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   |travels      carried      removes      back     containing      stores     excrete          |
   |        forms              tighten            consists        emptied            swells     |
   +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

   

   The urinary system works with the lungs, skin, and intestines — all of which also __________^1
   wastes — to keep the chemicals and water in your body balanced.

   The urinary system __________^2 a type of waste called urea from your blood. Urea is produced
   when foods __________^3 protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken
   down in the body. Urea is __________^4 in the bloodstream to the kidneys.

   The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of your fists. They remove urea from the
   blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron __________^5 of a ball formed
   of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea,
   together with water and other waste substances, __________^6 the urine as it passes through
   the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.

   From the kidneys, urine __________^7 down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder.
   Muscles in the ureter walls constantly __________^8 and relax to force urine downward away
   from the kidneys. If urine is allowed to stand still, or __________^9 up, a kidney infection
   can develop. Small amounts of urine are __________^10 into the bladder from the ureters about
   every 10 to 15 seconds.

   The bladder is a hollow muscular organ shaped like a balloon. The bladder __________^11 urine
   until you are ready to go to the bathroom to empty it. It __________^12 into a round shape
   when it is full and gets smaller when empty.

   3. Match the diseases of the urinary system with their description.

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   |1. Kidney stones       |a. This term refers to the bladder-emptying problems - abnormal     |
   |                       |holding of urine in the bladder. Causes can include an obstruction  |
   |                       |in the urinary system, stress, or neurologic problems.              |
   |-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |2. Pyelonephritis      |b. It is the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine.  |
   |                       |Healthy kidneys take wastes out of the blood but leave in protein.  |
   |                       |Protein in the urine does not cause a problem by itself. But it may |
   |                       |be a sign that your kidneys are not working properly.               |
   |-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |3. Urinary tract       |c. It refers to painful urination. This is typically described to be|
   |infections (UTIs)      |a burning or stinging sensation. It is most often a result of an    |
   |                       |infection of the urinary tract. It may also be due to an STD,       |
   |                       |bladder stones, bladder tumors, and virtually any condition of the  |
   |                       |prostate.                                                           |
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   |4. Renal (kidney)      |d. This is an infection in one or both of the kidneys. It can cause |
   |failure                |serious damage to the kidneys if it is not adequately treated.      |
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   |5. Urinary retention   |e. This is an infection in the urinary bladder.                     |
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   |6. Prostatitis         |f. This is a loss of bladder control - the involuntary passage of   |
   |                       |urine. There are many causes and types, and many treatment options. |
   |                       |Treatments range from simple exercises to surgery. Women are        |
   |                       |affected more often than men.                                       |
   |-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |7. Proteinuria         |g. The term is commonly used to refer to calculi in the urinary     |
   |                       |system. They form in the kidneys and may be found anywhere in the   |
   |                       |urinary system. They vary in size. The aim of treatment is to remove|
   |                       |them, prevent infection and recurrence.                             |
   |-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |8. Cystitis            |h. These are caused by bacteria in the urinary tract. Women get this|
   |                       |disease more often than men. It is treated with antibiotics.        |
   |                       |Drinking lots of fluids also helps by flushing out the bacteria.    |
   |-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |9. Urinary incontinence|i. It is the inflammation of the prostate gland that results in     |
   |                       |urinary frequency and urgency, a condition called dysuria, and pain |
   |                       |in the lower back and genital area, among other symptoms.           |
   |-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------|
   |10. Dysuria            |j. This results when the kidneys are not able to regulate water and |
   |                       |chemicals in the body or remove waste products from your blood.     |
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