Urinalysis. Urine sediment

                                          Seminar No. 13

                                               Q. 2

                                         Test for Glc, KB



                                    Enzymatic test for glucose



                                  Test for blood (Hb), bilirubin





                                    Test for proteins, nitrites



                                          Urine sediment

•             suspension material obtained by centrifugation of fresh urine sample under defined
condition

•             semiquantitative  ´  quantitative

•             chemical sediment – crystals of various compounds (salts)

•             biological sediment – cells (RBC,WBC), casts, bacteria

                            Factors involved in renal stones formation

•             increased concentrations of certain ions (Ca^2+, Mg^2+ ...)

•             extreme values of pH of urine

•             low intake of fluid (low diuresis)



                                        Insoluble compounds

                                          Write formulas



                               Uric acid (lactim) is a diprotic acid



                                               Q. 7

                                               Q. 8



                         Bacterial urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea

                                               Q. 10



•             oxalates

•             see the table in lab manual, p. 109

                             Three sources of oxalic acid in the body

60 %   catabolism of glycine and ethanolamine



30 %   catabolism of ascorbate



10 %   plant food

                                         Glycine ® oxalate

                                         Glycine ® oxalate

                                      Ethanolamine ® oxalate

                            Content of oxalic acid in some plant foods

                                          Chard (mangold)

                                              Rhubarb

      Intoxication and oxidation of ethylene glycol leads to oxalic acid through a number of
                                           intermediates

                                               Q. 12

                           Some food components conduce to urolithiasis