LOGICAL CONNECTORS

                        addition * contrast * causality * sequence * other
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                                             ADDITION

                                             ADDITION

                                              besides
                                          in addition to

                                                and
                                                nor
                                      not only ... but (also)
                                          neither ... nor
                                           both ... and

.


also
furthermore
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besides
what is more
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in fact
certainly

in addition
moreover
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as well
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actually
above all
indeed

                                        as a matter of fact

                                             EXAMPLES

                                              such as
                                               like

.

.

for example (e.g.)
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especially
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to illustrate

                                           for instance
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                                           in particular
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                                           as an example

                                          IDENTIFICATION

.

.

.

                   namely

                                                                    specifically

                                           CLARIFICATION

.

.

.

                that is (i.e.)
                in other words

                                                                            I mean

                                            SIMILARITY

                                               like

.

                                             as .. as
                                           the same ..as

               similarly
               in the same way

                                                                           likewise

                                           ALTERNATIVES

.

                                                or
                                           either ... or

.

                                         on the other hand
                                           alternatively

                                             CONTRAST

                                       CONTRAST / OPPOSTION

                                          in contrast to
                                            instead of
                                              unlike
                                          different from

                                                but

                                             where(as)
                                               while
                                           not as .. as
                                       -er/more/less ..than

however
in contrast

                                                         though
                                                         instead

                                         on the other hand
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in fact

                                                         however

                                 CONCESSION / INSUFFICIENT REASON

                                              despite
                                            in spite of
                                           regardless of

                                        but..(anyway/still)
                                                yet

                                             although
                                           (even) though
                                     in spite of the fact that
                                       despite the fact that

                    even so
                    however
                    admittedly
                    after all

                              nonetheless
                              nevertheless
                              still
                              of course

                                                             on the other hand

                                           CONTRADICTION

.

.

.

                                          on the contrary

                                             CAUSALITY

                                           REASON/CAUSE

                                            as a result
                                            because of
                                            in view of
                                           on account of
                                              due to

                                                for

                   as
                   as long as
                   inasmuch as

                              because
                              since
                              now that

                                                        in view of the fact that
                                                          due to the fact that

.

                                              RESULT

.

                                                so

                                            so ... that
                                           such ... that

                      as a result
                      therefore

                                 hence
                                 thus

                                                                 consequently

                                              PURPOSE

                                                for

.

                                              so that
                                         in order that/to

                                         with this in mind
                                         for this purpose

                                             SEQUENCE

                                             SEQUENCE
                                              -- time

                                               after
                                              during
                                              before
                                               up to
                                               since
                                              within
                                               until
                                               from
                                                by
                                                for
                                               etc.

.

                   when(ever)
                   while
                   before
                   after
                   until
                   as

                             since
                             once
                             as long as
                             as soon as
                             now that

                                                            every time (that)
                                                           by the time (that)
                                                          up to the time (that)

(at) first
once
to start with
now
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eventually
then
after that
later
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at last
in the end

first of all
originally
at present
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subsequently
next
meanwhile
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finally
lastly

                                             SEQUENCE
                                             -- logic

.

.

.

first (of all)
to start with
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next
in the second place
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finally
to conclude

in the first place
to begin with
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then
secondly
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lastly
in conclusion

                                              SUMMARY

.

.

.

                 in summary
                 all in all
                 briefly

                           to summarize
                           overall
                           in short

                                                    as has been said/mentioned ..

                                               OTHER

                                               PLACE

                                             in
                                             on
                                             at

                                               under
                                               over
                                               between
                                               etc.

.

                                               where
                                             wherever

.

                                              MANNER

                                                as

.

                                                as
                                          the way (that)

.

                                             CONDITION

                                            in case of
                                           regardless of

                                             or (else)
                                           either .. or

                     (even)if
                     in case
                     unless

                             as long as
                             provided that

                                                               whether..or not

                                             otherwise
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Adapted from Ann Salzmann, Intensive English Institute, University of Illinois