RESPIRATORY SYSTEM I.
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT,
LARYNX




NASUS EXTERNUS
Radix nasi
Dorsum nasi
Apex nasi
Nares
Alae nasi

SEPTUM NASI
Cartilago alaris major – crus mediale
Cartilago septi nasi – processus posterior
Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis
Vomer

Cartilago nasi lateralis
Cartilago alaris major
   - crus laterale
   - crus mediale
Cartilagines alares minores
Cartilagines nasales accessoriae

CAVUM NASI
 - vestibulum – limen, vibrisae, recessus apicis nasi
 - cavum nasi proprium – meatus nasi sup., medius, inf.
    meatus nasi communis, meatus nasopharyngeus, choanae

Septum nasi
 - pars membranacea
 - pars cartilaginea
 - pars ossea

Superior wall: cartilago nasi lateralis, os nasale,
     pars nasalis ossis frontalis, lamina cribrosa
                         ossis ethmoidalis, corpus ossis sphenoidalis
Inferior wall:
processus palatinus
maxillae, lamina
horizontalis ossis
palatini
canalis incisivus

NASAL MUCOSA
Regio respiratoria
    plexus cavernosi - epistaxis
Regio olfactoria

A. sphenopalatina, a. palatina major (a. maxillaris)
A. ethmoidalis ant., post. (a. ophthalmica)
R. septalis a. labialis sup. (a. facialis)
V. submandibularis, facialis, ophthalmica
Nll. submandibulares, retropharyngei, parotidei
Kiesselbach area

N. trigeminus (CN V)
 - n. ethmoidalis ant. (V1)
 - rr. nasales posteriores med. et lat.
   (n. nasopalatinus) (V2)

Nn. olfactorii

SINUS PARANASALES
Sinus maxillaris
Sinus frontalis
Sinus ethmoidales
Sinus sphenoidalis

SINUS MAXILLARIS      – hiatus sinus maxillaris
(Antrum of Highmore)      infundibulum ethmoidale
                                            hiatus semilunaris
Aa. et vv. facialis, palatina major, infraorbitalis
Nll. submandibulares       Nn. alveolares sup. (V2)

SINUS FRONTALIS
septum sinuum frontalium
A. et v. ophthalmica
V1
Nll. submandibulares

SINUS ETHMOIDALES
(CELLULAE ETHMOIDALES)
SINUS SPHENOIDALIS
septum sinuum sphenoidalium
apertura sinus sphenoidalis
A. et v. ethmoidalis ant. et post.
A. et v. sphenopalatina
V1, V2
Nll. submandibulares,
       retropharyngei

Meatus nasi inf. – ductus nasolacrimalis
Meatus nasi medius – hiatus semilunaris – sinus maxillaris,
    sinus frontalis, cellulae ethmoidales anteriores et mediae
Meatus nasi sup. – cellulae ethmoidales posteriores, sinus
    sphenoidalis




PHARYNX



NASOPHARYNX
Ostium pharyngeum
tubae auditivae:
Torus tubarius
Plica salpingopharyngea
Torus levatorius
Plica salpingopalatina

Cartilago tubae auditivae
M. salpingopharyngeus
M. levator veli palatini

LARYNX
ADULT
NEONATE

Prominentia laryngis



CARTILAGINES LARYNGIS:
Cartilago thyroidea
Cartilago cricoidea
Cartilago arytaenoidea
Cartilago epiglotica
Cartilago corniculata
Cartilago cuneiformis
Cartilago triticea

LARYNX
Membrana thyrohyoidea
                   (thyroidea)
Cartilago thyroidea
-lamina dextra
-lamina sinistra
-incisura thyroidea sup.
-incisura thyroidea inf.
-cornua superiora
-ligg. thyroidea lateralia
-cornua inferiora
-facies art. cricoidea
-linea obliqua
-foramen thyroideum
-
-




CARTILAGO CRICOIDEA
            -arcus
            -lamina
            -facies articularis
              arytenoidea
            -facies articularis
              thyroidea

CARTILAGO ARYTAENOIDEA
                                - apex
                                - basis
                                   - facies art. cricoidea
                                 - processus vocalis
                                 - processus
                                     muscularis
                                 - facies anterolateralis
                                    - colliculus
                                    - crista arcuata
                                    - fossa triangularis
                                    - fovea oblonga
                                 - facies medialis
                                 - facies posterior

CARTILAGO EPIGLOTTICA
-petiolus epiglottidis
-lamina
-
CARTILAGO CORNICULATA
CARTILAGO CUNEIFORMIS
CARTILAGO TRITICEA




ARTICULATIO CRICOARYTAENOIDEA
-lig. cricoarytaenoideum post.
ARTICULATIO CRICOTHYROIDEA

MEMBRANA THYROIDEA
lig. thyroideum laterale
lig. thyroideum medianum

CONUS ELASTICUS
-lig. cricothyroideum- coniotomy
-lig. vocale – plica vocalis
Lig. cricotracheale

Lig thyroepiglotticum
Lig. hyoepiglotticum
Spatium praeepiglotticum
MEMBRANA QUADRANGULARIS
-lig. ventriculare – plica vestibularis
-
MEMBRANA FIBROELASTICA
LARYNGIS

M. thyroepiglotticus
M. aryepiglotticus


M. cricoarytaenoideus post.
     (posticus) - respiration


M. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis
     - phonation
M. arytaenoideus – phonation

M. cricothyroideus



M. thyroarytaenoideus
M. vocalis


M. cricothyroideus
M. cricoarytaenoideus
 post.
M. cricoarytaenoideus
lateralis
M. arytaenoideus
M. thyroarytaenoideus

N. laryngeus sup.
N. laryngeus inf. – N. laryngeus recurrens


A.laryngea sup. - A. thyroidea sup.
A. laryngea inf. – A. thyroidea inf.


CAVUM LARYNGIS
-vestibulum laryngis
-plicae vestibulares
-rima vestibuli
-plicae vocales
-rima glottidis
-glottis
-ventriculus laryngis
-sacculus laryngis
-cavum infraglotticum

CAVUM LARYNGIS
-aditus laryngis-plicae aryepiglotticae (tuberculum cuneiforme
 et corniculatum), plica interarytaenoidea,incisura inter-
                                                                                     arytaenoidea
-
plicae vestibulares
plicae vocales

Rima glottidis
pars inter-
        membranacea
pars inter-
        cartilaginea




LARYNGOSCOPY
indirect
direct

RESPIRATION
PHONATION








Illustrations and photographs were copied from:
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta.
Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:
Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993
Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Windows Version 2.0