LARYNX



LARYNX
ADULT
NEONATE

                                        CARTILAGINES LARYNGIS
Cartilago thyroidea
Cartilago cricoidea
Cartilago arytenoidea
Cartilago epiglotica
Cartilago corniculata
Cartilago cuneiformis
Cartilago triticea

CARTILAGO THYROIDEA
-lamina dextra
-lamina sinistra
-incisura thyroidea sup.
-incisura thyroidea inf.
-cornua superiora
-ligg. thyroidea lateralia
-cornua inferiora
-facies art. cricoidea
-linea obliqua
-foramen thyroideum
       CARTILAGO CRICOIDEA
            -arcus
            -lamina
            -facies articularis
              arytenoidea
            -facies articularis
              thyroidea
                          CARTILAGO ARYTENOIDEA
                                - apex
                                - basis
                                   - facies art. cricoidea
                                 - processus vocalis
                                 - processus
                                     muscularis
                                 - facies anterolateralis
                                    - colliculus
                                    - crista arcuata
                                    - fossa triangularis
                                    - fovea oblonga
                                 - facies medialis
                                 - facies posterior
CARTILAGO EPIGLOTTICA
-petiolus epiglottidis
-lamina
-
CARTILAGO CORNICULATA
CARTILAGO CUNEIFORMIS
CARTILAGO TRITICEA

Membrana quadrangularis
(epiglottis - arytenoid c., ligg. vestibularia)
Conus elasticus
(ligg.vocalia and arcus cartilaginis cricoideae)
Membrana fibrocartilaginea laryngis
conus elasticus + membrana quadrangularis
Ligg. vestibularia (thickened margine of membrana quandrangularis)
Ligg. vocalia (thickened margin of conus elasticus)
• stratified squamous epithelium – due to strain during phonation
Lig. cricotracheale
Membrana thyrohyoidea
Lig. cricothyroideum (coniotomy)
Connections-ligaments

MEMBRANA THYROIDEA
lig. thyroideum laterale
lig. thyroideum medianum

Lig thyroepiglotticum
Lig. hyoepiglotticum
Spatium praeepiglotticum

JOINTS
        Art. cricothyroidea (oscilating movements)
        Lig. cricoaerytaenoideumpost.
Art. cricoarytaenoidea (rotation and sliding movements – result in abduction
and                     adduction of vocal cords)
Obrázek1

MUSCLES
• according to their function
1) Muscles moving with epiglotis:
a) Musculus thyroepiglotticus
    opens aditus laryngis
b) Musculus aryepiglotticus
     closes aditus laryngis

2) Muscles responsible for respiration and phonation position of vocal cords:
a)Musculus cricoarytaenoideus lateralis
     narrows the rima glottidis (adduktion of vocal cords) - phonation
b) Musculus cricoarytaenoideus posterior (musculus posticus) opens rima glottidis – abduktion of
vocal cords (ligg. vocalia) – respiration position
c) Musculus arytaenoideus
     Strongest adduktor - phonation
m. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis
m. cricoarytaenoideus posterior
m. arytaenoideus
L
P

3) Muscles responsible for the tension of the vocal cords:
a)Musculus cricothyroideus
     tenses the vocal cords
b) Musculus thyroarytaenoideus relaxes the tension of vocal cords
c) Musculus vocalis
    fine regulation of the vocal cord tension
Obrázek1
TA

Obrázek1
Respiration position
Vocal cords in abduktion
Phonation position
Vocal cords in adduktion
Relaxation of vocal cords m. thyroarytenoideus and vocalis
Tension of v.c. m. cricothyroideus
m. cricothyroideus
m. cricoarytaenoideus posterior
m. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis
m. arytaenoideus
m. thyroarytaenoideus

Inervation of laryngeal muscles nervus vagus via:
nervus laryngeus superior
(musculus cricothyroideus)
nervus laryngeus inferior
(n. laryngeus recurrens)
(all others)

A.laryngea sup. - A. thyroidea sup.
A. laryngea inf. – A. thyroidea inf.
Subcutaneous tissue– oedema
Folliculi lymph. laryngei
Tonsilla laryngea
Posterior side of epiglotis-
taste buds

laryngoskopie
respirační postavení     fonační postavení
True vocal cords
(ligg. vocalia)
False vocal cords
(ligg. ventricularia)
True cords (ligg. vocalia)
False cords(ligg. ventricularia)
False vocal cords
True vocal cords
Aerytaenoid cartilage
1) Vestibulum laryngis

epiglottis (aditus laryngis) - plicae vestibulares
2) Glottis
     plicae vestibulares - plicae vocales
     rima glottidis – saggital slit
                            between vocal cords
3) Cavitas infraglottica

CAVITAS LARYNGIS
-vestibulum laryngis
-plicae vestibulares
-rima vestibuli
-plicae vocales
-rima glottidis
-glottis
-ventriculus laryngis
-sacculus laryngis
-cavum infraglotticum

CAVITAS LARYNGIS
-aditus laryngis-plicae aryepiglotticae (tuberculum cuneiforme
 et corniculatum), plica interarytenoidea,incisura interarytenoidea
-
plicae vestibulares
plicae vocales

Rima glottidis
pars inter-
        membranacea
pars inter-
        cartilaginea




LARYNGOSCOPY
indirect
direct

RESPIRATION
PHONATION


Vocal Cords up close while singing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XGds2GAvGQ


Illustrations and photographs were copied from:
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta.
Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:
Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993
Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Windows Version 2.0