URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS • Removal of waste product from the body • Regulation of electrolyte balance • Regulation of acid-base homeostasis (blood pH) •Controling blood volume and maintaining blood pressure Kidney (ren) Efferent urinary tract: renal calices renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra PARTS FUNCTIONS • Removal of waste product from the body • Regulation of electrolyte balance • Regulation of acid-base homeostasis (blood pH) • Controling blood volume and maintaining blood pressure Kidney (ren) Efferent urinary tract: renal calices renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra PARTS REN, NEPHROS - facies anterior et posterior - margo lateralis et medialis - hilum renale - sinus renalis - extremitas superior et inferior R L Capsula fibrosa Sinus renalis Cortex renalis Medulla renalis – 6-20 pyramides renales Columnae renales Pars radiata corticis Papilla renalis Ductus papillares Foramina papillaria Area cribrosa Lobus renalis (Renculus) Renculi-marking (renculization) NEPHRON - Corpusculum renale (Malpighi) - Glomerulum - Capsula glomeruli (Bowman) - Tubulus proximalis - Henle’s loop - Tubulus distalis Tubulus colligens Ductus papillaris Foramen papillare 200 µm A.renalis - r. anterior – 4 rr. praepelvici - r. posterior – r. retropelvicus - aa. lobares – aa. interlobares Segmenta renalia – s. superius - s. anterius superius - s. anterius inferius - s. inferius - s. posterius Aa. interlobares: 1. A. arcuata 2. A. interlobularis 3. Vas afferens 4. Vas efferens 5. Peritubular capillary plexus 6. Arteriola recta 7. Capillary plexus in the medulla 8. Capillary plexus around papillary duct 9. Venulae stellatae 10.V. interlobularis 11.V. arcuata 12.Vein from the peritubular plexus 13.Venulae rectae Aa. renales accessoriae Skeletotopy ren topo 1 Costae – XI – XII Crista iliaca 1.Diaphragma 4. M. transversus abdominis 2.11th rib 5. M. quadratus lumborum 3.12th rib 6. M. psoas major N. subcostalis N. iliohypogastricus N. ilioinguinalis 1.Gl. suprarenalis dx. 2.Liver 3.Duodenum 4.Flexura coli dx. 5.Jejunum 1.Gl. suprarenalis sin. 2.Stomach 3.Spleen 4.Pancreas 5.Flexura coli sin. 6.Jejunum SIN. 1.Fascia renalis 5. Corpus adiposum pararenale 2.Lamina praerenalis 6. Peritoneum 3.Lamina retrorenalis 7. Fascia transversalis 4.Capsula adiposa REN MIGRANS ANd9GcS6wUK1Sx2zfJNzZrxAyp3sZI5n1LSrxoNBtyH2T50QDxOB0EB_ Ectopic kidney x ren migrans anatomy_Horseshoe_Kidney Horseshoe kidney • renculi marking • ren arcuatus • ren duplex • ren sigmoideus • ren fungiformis • agenesia renis Nephrolithiasis Calcium oxalate crystals – 80% Uric acid – 5 - 10% Transverse section through the intervertebral disc between T12 and L1 Cross-sectional image through the L1 obtained with CT GLANDULA SUPRARENALIS – facies anterior – hilum - facies posterior - facies renalis Cortex (aldosterone, cortisol) Medulla (epinephrine, norepinephrine) Five-month old fetus CALICES RENALES – minores (7-14) et majores (2-4) PELVIS RENALIS (2-5 , 5-8) Various types of pelvis renalis URETER 1.pars abdominalis 2.pars pelvina 3.pars intramuralis ostium ureteris 25-30cm, 0,5cm kidney-stones LANZ 3 physiological constrictions Pelvis duplex Ureter fissus Ureter duplex Ectopia ostii ureteris Megaloureter Retrocaval passage of ureter VARIATIONS OF URETER Male - dorsal aspect of urinary bladder Ductus deferens Female – ventral aspect a. uterina and ureter 2 cm from the cervix of uterus 1,5 cm above the fornix of vagina VESICA URINARIA -fundus vesicae -corpus vesicae -apex vesicae - lig. umbilicale medianum -cervix vesicae Trigonum vesicae – ostia ureterum - ostium urethrae internum - plica interureterica - fossa retrotrigonalis - bundles of Bell - uvula vesicae - m. detrusor - m. sphincter vesicae - m. sphincter urethrae Median section through the male pelvis 1. Excavatio rectovesicalis Median section through the female pelvis 1.Excavatio rectouterina 2.Excavatio vesicouterina Paracystium – lig. pubo prostaticum (pubovesicale), lig. sacroprostaticum (sacrovesicale) URETHRA FEMININA Ostium urethrae internum M. sphincter urethrae Ostium urethrae externum URETHRA FEMININA Crista urethralis Lacunae urethrales Glandulae urethrales Ductus paraurethrales IVU urography Retrograde pyelography Retrocaval ureter Illustrations were copied from: Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993) Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2.0 Čihák R: Anatomie 2 (Splanchnologia). Avicenum, zdravotnické nakladatelství, Praha, 1988.